Disaster in Franklin County Essay Example for Free

Fiasco in Franklin County Essay Area A. The Emergency Operations Center (EOC) has a huge Chain of order. At the head is the EOC Commander, who gets data from different pieces of the chain, and is answerable for transferring that data to different offices, and furthermore the Homeland Security office (in the past Federal Emergency Management Agency). The Safety Officer is accountable for ensuring security strategies are followed, and furthermore for handing-off what wellbeing gear may be required. This individual additionally follows along and explores wounds announced because of salvage activities. The Liaison Officer responds to questions and gives briefings to different offices during this crisis. This individual is the central matter of contact for different offices. This job eases the heat off of the organization authority, redirecting consideration and inquiries to the contact official. The Public Information Officer assembles the best possible wellbeing data required and guarantees that people in general is educated regarding relevant wellbeing data explicit to the crisis. This individual likewise guarantees that everybody has a similar data and knows about which data is to be spread to people in general. The Legal Officer will guarantee that the legitimate parts of crisis activities are followed. This will incorporate after and upholding the authoritative commitments of a few unique offices engaged with this crisis occasion. The EOC organizer will arrange the entirety of the order staff, and guarantee that every one is performing enough, and helping every unit as vital in getting or finishing required undertakings. The following level of order incorporates the Operations Chief, the Logistics Chief, the Financial/managerial Chief, and the Planning/Intelligence Chief. The Operations Chief will create, sort out, and complete the occurrence goals. Such destinations will incorporate which regions to look, or review, and which resources and field assets are used. The Operations Chief will direct each group and territory, using the assets successfully. The Logistics Chief does precisely that, deals with coordinations. This can comprise of discovering gear required for wellbeing laborers, crisis work force, or discovering space to put evacuees and pets. The Finance and Administrative Section Chief assumes a significant job in following funds, uses and following the two assets close by and assets that have been appropriated during the crisis. This empowers the office to know about provisions that are low and takes into consideration the office to demand required things from outside sources. This area additionally guarantees that appropriate legally binding procedures are set up. The Planning Section Chief assembles data, examines the data, and afterward deals with the data accumulated, guaranteeing that the entirety of the segments of the episode responders are educated regarding everything occurring with each area of the reaction. They at that point incorporate the Incident Action Plan. The last level of the EOC bunch is the individual Public Health Organizations. This incorporates the Community Services Branch Director, the Medical/Health Branch Director, the Fire Branch Director, the Public Works Branch Director, and the Law Enfor cement Branch Director. Every executive structures their own Chain of Command like the EOC levels of leadership for their own area of expertise. Every executive is basically the EOC authority for their specific office. The Public Health Nurse serves under the course of the Medical/Health Branch chief (United States Department of Labor, n.d.). Segment B. General wellbeing work force assumed a few unique jobs in this catastrophe situation. The order structure is the occurrence administrator on the principal level, the open data official and the contact official on the subsequent level, and the third level comprising of the activities head, arranging boss, strategic boss and account/organization head completing out the third and last level. The Public Health Nurse isn't recorded on the departmental order structure. The Public Health Nurse will break down the episode and apply nursing judgment to general wellbeing requirements for the occurrence. In the fiasco situation, the attendant should have been mindful a nd request required assets, for example, consumable water and sanitation, just as defenseless populaces needing home oxygen, required meds for different co-morbidities, for example, hypertension and diabetes, and ecological perils achieved by the cataclysmic event, for example, the chance of typhoid, cholera, conceivable form introduction. The Public Health Nurse will likewise lead interviews with the influenced populace, access and populateâ information to be handed-off to the Public about direct as well as conceivable wellbeing dangers and security clues/tips to help protect the populace. This may incorporate open data sheets, data fairs, open gatherings, and media interviews. The Public Health Nurse ought to likewise know about conceivable ecological perils and which supporting organizations to contact with respect to the conceivable natural dangers (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 2006). Segment C. The people group wellbeing medical caretaker has numerous assets accessible to empower them to manage circumstances outside of the network wellbeing nurse’s extent of training. These incorporate the Public Works office, for sewage, water, street the board, building review, and ecological administrations. This division additionally has asset data accessible to the attendant for organizations in t he private area. The open medical caretaker will likewise have accessible to them the Fire and Police offices, which additionally incorporate the State and County Police. The Fire office and Police divisions have search and salvage groups accessible, which can incorporate water, mountain, and land salvages. The Health Department additionally has assets for the Community Health Nurse, for example, natural examiners, food reviewers, and assets accessible, for example, the Center for Disease Control (CDC). Accessible through Community Services Department are work groups, translators, and open structures to be utilized as safe houses (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 2006). Segment D. The medical attendant used the assets accessible at an opportunity to orchestrate ecological wellbeing pros to assess habitations and help network individuals. The attendant likewise organized transportation to havens, arrangements and drugs for those protecting set up. The medical caretaker additionally transferred data in regards to unsafe waste cleanup and instruction concerning ignitions motors and deficient venting. The medical attendant had the option to get data on the necessities of the network everywhere and hand-off that data to the EOC team to empower training and interpretative should be satisfied (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 2006). Segment E. The people group wellbeing attendant had the option to exhort occupants on wretchedness and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) signs and indications, and had the option to make referrals to network administrations for treatment of the conceivable despondency and PTSD. The medical caretaker had the option to take the data assembled from the calls to encourage news flyers for dissemination to the network and houses of worship onâ what side effects and practices to search for, and assets to support the influenced inhabitants. The attendant was likewise ready to teach network individuals on wellbeing and shape issues, and to allude and convey a master to examine possible perils. The medical caretaker informed 911 in light of a detailed physical issue from a concoction spill that had been accounted for contained and tidied up. The medical caretaker at that point informed natural masters about conceivable defilement and substance introduction close to open parks and amusement destinations. By encouraging the crisis reaction, the territory was made sure about and forestalled other potential wounds (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 2006). Strategies used to solace, quiet and instruct the individuals comprised of sympathy and an open methodology. Undivided attention, non-angry sympathetic concern handed-off to the individuals that their feelings of dread were typical and were legitimate concerns. This methodology caused the individuals to feel good and encouraged open discussion between the medical attendant and the network individuals (University of Minnesota, School of Public Health, 2006). Area F. Nursing work force can be set up for enormous scope calamities by joining the National Nurse Response Team (NNRT). The National Nurse Response Team is a claim to fame group utilized in any situation requiring many medical attendants to aid chemoprophylaxis, a mass immunization program, or a situation that overpowers the nation’s flexibly of attendants in reacting to a weapon of mass pulverization occasion (Public Health Emergency, 2009, para. 1). Medical attendants can likewise be more ready for fiascos by being set up at home, just as going to proceeding with instruction classes on debacle readiness, just as enormous scope calamity preparing and situations. References General Health Emergency. (2009). http://www.phe.gov/Preparedness/responders/ndms/groups/Pages/nnrt.aspx United States Department of Labor. (n.d.). https://www.osha.gov/SLTC/etools/ics/what_is_ics.html#Information University of Minnesota, School of Public Health. (2006). https://cpheo1.sph.umn.edu/fcs/index.asp

The Youth Today - Are They More Impatient Than a Few Decades Ago Essay Example for Free

The Youth Today Are They More Impatient Than a Few Decades Ago Essay It has been appropriately said that we spend the primary portion of our lives attempting to comprehend the more established age, and the rest half in understanding the more youthful age. Each age has its own appeal. Youth has consistently felt to some degree exasperated with age and age has consistently been dubious of youth. With their regular exuberance and eagerness, a lion's share of youngsters are quick to act and learn all alone rather being guided by the experience of older folks. The more seasoned individuals being more at home with words as opposed to activity regularly make commotions about the young being fretful and inconsiderate. In each age, elderly people men are found to shaking their aged heads and waxing nostalgic about past times worth remembering when youth of their time knew better and appeared due respect to age and convention. A portion of the charges brought against present day youth are that they speak to a rudderless age with no beliefs to live by or cause to live for. They are harassed with impulsive disrespectfulness which shows itself in expanding rebellion of parental power and rebel against set up social standards. On the scarcest guise they take to avenues, enjoying brutality. They need to stand out through unusual conduct. They are turning into an age of medication addicts and have built up an antipathy for legitimate difficult work, ever keeping watch to have something to no end. Its not, at this point restless youth going forward, into a threatening world. Presently its unfriendly youth going forward into an on edge world this isn't sure what's in store from it. All things considered, it isn't just the adolescent which is eager, human culture itself is in a condition of motion. Developing fortune in created social orders has produced among the young there an anxiety which pined for moment rewards. The kids get all the cash they need from guardians and only sometimes face the need to work professionally. In the immature nations additionally, youthful age are feeling displeased in light of the fact that their dreams of an upbeat future are being devastated either by interior hardship or political advantage. This incites the adolescent to challenge uncontrolled debasement in the public arena and the disavowal of social equity. In the conditions, is it to be thought about at whether all discussion of devotion to beliefs, reestablished moral power and essential temperances leaves the young cold and unconvinced? They are not, at this point arranged to aimlessly acknowledge whatever their older folks decide to force on them. They are inclined to dependent upon basic audit all the social and political qualities they are called upon to acknowledge. At the point when they se high sounding standards perpetually being overlooked for practicality, political pioneers purposely duping the majority, personal stakes being permitted to disappoint the condition of each progression, defilement regular in high places and other expanding contrasts among guarantee and execution, they normally become critical and fuss for change. Understudies structure a significant gathering among the young people all things considered. Their greatest and most authentic complaint is that what they realize subsequent to putting so much time, exertion and cash has almost no pertinence to the real factors of existence with which they meet in the wake of leaving the college. It is nevertheless common that they should need to have a state in figuring out what ought to be instructed with the goal that it has some pertinence to their future. They would no longer endure politickers hidden as educators. They see themselves as very fit for caring for themselves. On the off chance that we take a gander at youth today in the light of previous, it will be clear that it’s not the youthful alone who are to be faulted for the perspective in which we discover them. They likely could be accused of being numbness of what they need. Theirs is a development of dissent against affectation and absence of trustworthiness in their older folks. Obviously, this worry for the future and this nervousness to protect life from lip service is truly excellent to be sure. In any case, it can't be said that the youthful are constantly guided by such high reason. Difference is required in truth compulsory when things turn out badly. Savagery comes normal to youth. The youthful, remarkably sure that the authority against which they are quite agitated is unfair and severe and feeling creep of the rightness of their own stand, respond inwardly. The power of their emotions is to such an extent that it fills them with contempt and they go to savagery. All in all, the more youthful age today is tremendously misjudged and more censured than it merits. The world which it will acquire will be enormously more energizing than the universe of its antecedents at any point was or could be. Simultaneously, life will present to it an a lot greater and undeniably progressively complex test. It would not do to censure it and criticize it that is sufficiently simple. What is extremely significant is that it is treated with seeing so it can create to resources to reshape the world it will acquire as per its noblest vision.

Flood Management Strategies MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA) Assignment

Flood Management Strategies MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA) Assignment Flood Management Strategies MELBOURNE (AUSTRALIA) â€" Assignment Example > Flood Management Strategies in Melbourne (Australia)1.0 AbstractFlood management entails all the methods and techniques used to prevent or reduce the negative impacts of floods. The Melbourne Water has been working in collaboration with the agencies including councils to develop tools that will priorities and spearhead the activities in flood management across Westernport and Port Phillip region. The goal of the study was to analyse the flood management strategy in Melbourne. Six councils were taken into consideration: Manningham, Frankston, Cardinia Shire, Casey, Hobsons Bay, and Hume. The common strategies used in the councils include drainage system, retarding basin, and awareness creation. In general, the strategies can be divided into structural and non-structural strategies. The structural strategies include wetlands, retarding basins, levee banks, tree pits, porous pavements, raingardens, drainage systems, swales, infiltration trenches, and rainwater tanks. The non-structur al strategies include the flood warning systems, FloodSafe, StormSafe, actions before the flood, actions during the flood, actions after the flood, community awareness, flood wardens, strategic control priorities, and information to the community. The authorities and councils have, therefore, made a great step on managing floods in Melbourne. 2.0 IntroductionFlood management entails all the methods and techniques use to prevent or reduce the negative impacts of flood water (Kundzewicz et al. 2014). It is the methods put in place to minimize the impacts of high levels of water or floods. Floods are due to either or a combination of higher rate of snowmelt, heavy rainfall, tsunamis, higher tides, severe wind blowing the water bodies, or failure of the retention ponds, levees, and dams or other structures that retain water. The rates of floods can be increased by natural hazards like wildfires that reduce the vegetation cover to absorb the rainfall. Floods can occur as rivers overflo w their banks to develop flood plains. In explanation, during the rainy season, some of the water is accommodated in soil or water bodies while others absorbed by vegetation and some evaporate. Some of the water also travels through surface runoff. Failure from these instruments to absorb or transport water can lead to a flood thus making the stream channels not able to contain the whole amount of water. When a flood increases rapidly it is referred to as a flash flood. Flash floods can be caused by high rainfall a place that is relatively small or if the area was previously saturated due to a precipitation. Floods have both positive and negative effects. The positive effect is that it can make soils fertile through carrying the humus from one area to another. However, floods can destroy properties and reduce biological diversity through sediment deposition and soil erosion. It can also cause traffic delays, interfere with the economical land use and drainage system. Floods can al so damage structures such as sewer lines, bank lines, and bridge abutments among others. Melbourne is the most populous and capital of Victoria, Australian State. In Australia, it was the second most populous city. The capital is about 9,900 square kilometres that entail its metropolitan area and the city centre (Austalia2016Population 2016). Melbourne has thirty one municipalities with a population of approximately 5.20 million. Melbourne water management is an organisation that deals with the management of the water catchments, supply and treats drinking water and recycle, treat and remove the Melbourne’s sewage. The organisation also works in the management of the drainage systems and water ways in the Westernport and Port Philip region. The organisation builds strong relationship with the suppliers, stakeholders, and customers in the industry, government, and community and takes care of the people’s wellbeing and health (Melbourne Water n. d.).

Electrical Contractors Return For Work Program Essay

AKW Electrical Contractors Return to Work Program Policy The health of our employees is a major priority of AKW Electrical Contractors. When an employee suffers an injury while on the job or suffers and illness that is work related it is our duty to assist employees to return to employment as safe and soon as possible. We have implemented a Return to Work program designed for assisting sick or injured employees return to work as soon as possible and help in the healing process. This program relies on the effort of the employee, our insurance company, the doctor treating the employee, supervisors and management. Our program is in place to incorporate short term light duty jobs that are modified from the employee’s original job, or a different job, or several tasks combined into one job. At management decision, and to the extent the employee’s limitations. A light duty job will be available until the treating healthcare provider releases our employee. Through this light duty program, the company will attempt to assist the injured employee recover at a more rapid rate and minimize loss of wages for the employee. At the same time, the company also benefits from having our employees provide a service and contributing to the overall productivity. Objectives The Objectives of the Return to Work Program are: †¢ Provide guidelines for administering return to work assignments. †¢ Assure employee health and job security by providing employees with a job to continue working as aShow MoreRelatedSafety Manager1490 Words   |  6 Pagesexternal client relationships and leading programs and projects to consistently successful completion. Excel at driving safety awareness, developing and facilitating safety programs/training, and reducing accident and incident rates. Best practices-focused with in-depth knowledge of construction industry and a record of promoting safety top-down at all levels of the organization. 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The need for International Financial Regulation - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2730 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? On September 14th, 2007, the collapse of Lehman Brothers, one of the five most important global financial services firms in Wall Street, marked the beginning of a global financial crisis which lasted for more than two years. This crisis had effects on every kinds of financial markets and all over the world. Some lessons have to be remembered from this crisis, and the events and causes of the crisis must be used as landmarks to improve the regulatory organization of the financial markets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The need for International Financial Regulation" essay for you Create order The main problem is to determine, whether or not, the financial markets were efficiently and sufficiently regulated by the financial authorities, and if these authorities ought to have intervened more than they did to protect the stability of the financial sector. The issue revolves around the extent of the power of intervention granted to the regulatory authorities in charge of ensuring the stability of the financial sector, and the way they are expected to use this power. Three years after the beginning of the crisis, it should be easier to analyse a posteriori which were the gaps in the financial regulatory system, and the failures of the authorities. However, the exact causes of the crisis remain still blurred today. Furthermore, as this question deals with the dilemma between the interventionist theory and the laissez-faire theory, there may still be divergences about the way the situation should have been dealt with by the authorities, and about how the financial system s hould have been regulated. These two doctrines have been opposed for centuries now, and both have demonstrated their advantages and drawbacks. The proponents of the former theory state that the role of the government is to mitigate the undesirable consequences of market activity through regulation whereas the partisans of the latter consider that without any governmental intervention, the markets would succeed to automatically correct their failures. In spite of these doctrinal oppositions, it must be recognized by both sides that the financial system did not succeed to avoid the crisis without the intervention of the financial regulatory authorities and that those authorities did not fulfil their obligations to keep the financial markets stable and made several mistakes in their way to protect the markets. This acknowledgement implies that these authorities had a role to play in order to avoid the crisis and that the financial markets may need the intervention of authorities to limit the risk of crisis. As the G20 noticed in its Declaration on Strengthening the Financial System of April 2nd, 2009 the global financial crisis thus renders visible and urgent a perennial tension in financial regulation with respect to the extent to which governments should intervene to fix the financial markets. The financial crisis is therefore an indicator of the need of interventionism from the regulatory authorities to protect the stability of the market. This new regulatory organization must be based on the support of the central banks. I A global financial crisis caused by the mistakes and the gaps of the regulatory authorities in the accomplishment of their duty The financial crisis had its roots long before the collapse of Lehman Brothers in the end of 2008. Indeed, the situation of the financial sector had begun to deteriorate already in 2007 with the problems on the sub-prime market, as illustrated by the financial difficulties of Northern Rock, the United Kingdoms fifth-largest mortgage lender, until its nationalisation by the British Treasury. But the financial crisis really began when Lehman Brothers was forced to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in September 2008. Lehman Brothers had to go into liquidation after the refusal of the American Federal Reserve to support the firm. This refusal had started the worst global financial crisis since the Great Depression in the 30s. This decision of the Federal Reserve not to help Lehman Brothers was surprising, because the American financial authorities had already had to intervene to help the purchase of Bear Stearns by JP Morgan, and to nationalize Freddie Mac and Fannie Mae. Besides, few days after the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the Federal Reserve accepted to support American International General (AIG). This behaviour of the Federal Reserve made the public believe that the intervention plan of the authorities had not been fully thought and created a feeling of uncertainty about what the Government would do to aid the financial institutions. The public did not understand why the Federal Reserve had refused to save Lehman Brothers, and the collapse of the firm, facilitated by the passivity of the American financial authorities, created a panic among the markets participants. The lack of clarify in the actions of the financial authorities caused a massive loss of confidence of the public and the investors. The confidence of the public is really important in the financial sector because the stability of the financial markets depends on the confidence of the markets participants. It is therefore the responsibility of the financial authorities to m aintain the confidence in the markets by ensuring their stability and integrity. The maintenance of confidence is at the heart of much financial regulation. The Federal Reserve by its refusal to help Lehman Brothers provoked a loss of confidence among the public and the investors which started the crisis. Even if the crisis has many other causes, this decision of the Federal Reserve not to intervene has been determinant in the worsening of the situation. After the collapse of Lehman Brothers, the loss of confidence led to a run at the banks and the withdrawal of funds by professional investors which provoked the transformation of the credit contraction and the sub-prime crisis into a global financial crisis. It appears from these facts that the main reason of the crisis is to the lack of general oversight of the financial sector as a whole by the regulatory authorities. They failed to assess the real dangerousness of the situation before the global crisis. This is one of the r eason why the Federal Reserve refused to help Lehman Brothers when it had the opportunity to do so. They thought that the financial markets would be able to recover from the collapse of Lehman Brothers. The failures of the American Financial Reserve in assessing the consequences of the collapse of Lehman Brothers highlights the idea that there is a need for a modification of the way the financial authorities supervise and assess what happen on the markets. But the strength of the global financial crisis is also the result of some other failures of the financial authorities. They, as well in the United States as in the other western countries, failed to control the situation on the financial sector, and the inability of the markets to stop the crisis without the intervention of the regulatory authorities is the proof of the failure of the self regulation theory. The crisis would not have been so important if the regulatory authorities had dealt correctly with the difficulties a nd intervene properly to prevent the loss of confidence. Instead of intervening since the beginning of the difficulties on the sub-prime market, they just let the situation deteriorates. It is clear that the national regulatory authorities failed to protect the financial systems against imprudence that created excessive systemic risk This failure implies another one which is the failure of the financial markets and entities to regulate themselves. For decades, it was acknowledged that these entities did not need the intervention of governments because they were able to self regulate. However, the crisis of 2008-2009 proved this theory to be wrong, because only the late intervention of the governments succeeded to solve the situation and put an end to the worsening of the crisis. The whole theory of the self regulation was broken by the crisis which evidenced the inability of the markets to stop the contagion of the crisis. It emphasizes that the financial sector needs a new re gulatory system with more intervention from the authorities. Actually, the situation began to calm down following the intervention of the governments. All the different countries which had faced the global crisis adopted bail-out plans to protect the financial institutions and prevent a new crisis. All the new rules adopted after the crisis must be seen as an acknowledgement of the need for formal regulatory intervention in the financial markets. The successive G20 summits which occurred in the course of the crisis called governments to take steps relating to the fiscal stimulus, so that, as during the 1930s after the Great Depression, the governments have a key role to play to stop the crisis and permit the recovery of the financial markets functioning. As an example of this policy of intervention, the U.S Government established the Troubled Asset Relief Program, referred as the TARP, a programme to purchase troubled assets from institutions with the aim of strengthening its fin ancial sector. The last global financial crisis emphasized all the gaps of the former regulatory system on the financial markets, and the failures of the financial authorities which took a long time before intervening to solve the situation and where not able to correctly assess the situation and the risk of collapse of the system. As a consequence, a new regulatory system based on more intervention from the governments and authorities has to be defined. II A new regulatory system with more intervention from the authorities and a leading role granted to the central banks The complex nature of the financial markets creates a need for a new regulatory system. The different financial markets are too sophisticated and connected between themselves to be able of self regulation. Besides the consequences of the crisis on the financial markets, which has harmful repercussions on the whole economy, oblige the government to intervene in order to prevent a crisis from happening. There is a risk of contagion of the difficulties from a market to another, and from the financial markets to the whole economy. The Federal Reserve in the United States, as many other financial regulators, forgot to take this reality into account. A regulatory system has to be implemented to deal with the systemic risk of the financial markets. The systemic risk may be defined as the risk that an event will trigger a loss of economic value or confidence in [ÃÆ' ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒâ€šÃ‚ ¦] a substantial portion of the financial system that is serious enough to quite probably have significant adverse effects on the real economy. The recent crises were a perfect illustration of the systemic nature of the risk on the financial markets, and the narrow interdependence between the markets and the economy. Consequently, the intervention of the governments and authorities is needed to protect the health of the economy from the problems which may arise on the financial markets. The governments cannot let the markets be self regulated because any malfunctioning on those markets could lead to the collapse of the economy. Therefore, the authorities have to intervene to regulate and supervise the financial markets, and settle the difficulties arising on them. This increased intervention from the authorities, in order to be efficient, must be accompanied by a reform of the way to assess the risk. A cause of the crisis was the inability of the authorities to assess the consequences of the problems on the sub-prime market. Indeed, the International Monetary Funds Glob al Financial Stability Report of April 2007 suggested that the amount of the credit loss in the sub-prime mortgages, and the decrease of the house prices in the United States, would be fairly limited. In the same manner, the Federal Reserve in September 2007 had assessed that the markets would have been able to absorb the collapse of Lehman Brothers, and at that time the U.S. Treasury Secretary, Hank Paulson, received the support of the Congress for the refusal of the Federal Reserve to save the firm. The reason of this harmful decision was that there was no general oversight of the financial markets. The regulators should extend their oversight to all major participants in the financial system. The authorities have to implement a macro-prudential policy which consists in exercising their control over the financial system as a whole. They have to extend their scope of actions over institutions which were not until that time regulated, as one of the reason of the crisis was the la ck of information concerning the situation of some institutions on the financial markets. All systemic institutions should be integrated within the macro-prudential regulatory perimeter. The amplest the supervision of the financial system by the regulators is, the more the risk of a contagion of the difficulties will be reduced. The central banks should play a key role in this new regulatory system. They must have a role of support of the financial institutions to prevent systemic risk. Central banks already played a critical role during the last crisis in maintaining the strength and viability of financial markets. They ensured the stability of the financial markets by injecting money in the system and supporting the institutions suffering difficulties. Central banks can be efficient in fulfilling their role of support through the mechanism of lender of last resort. This mechanism consists for central banks in securing other banks and financial institutions against bankrup tcy, to avoid a loss of confidence which could lead to a collapse of the markets. Under the lender of last resort procedure, central banks commit themselves to lend money to financial institutions in trouble. This commitment will have the effect of calming down the concern of the investors and the public about the financial situation of the institutions. If the public and the investors know that the institutions on the financial markets would be supported in case of difficulties, they will not run at the banks as they did during the last crisis. This crisis began after the refusal of the Federal Reserve to save Lehman Brothers against bankruptcy, that is to say after its refusal to act as a lender of last resort. The lender of last resort is a mechanism which has proved its efficiency for a long time. It was introduced in the United States following the Panic of 1907 by two measures. The first measure was the Aldrich-Vreeland Act of 1908, it was followed five years later by the F ederal Reserve Act of 1913 which established a public central bank. Since their implementation, several studies have analysed the results of this mechanisms. And it has been admitted that the lender of last resort has had beneficial effects on the economy. As an example, an analysis made for the National Bureau of Economic Research in October 2008 stated that the lender of last resort mechanism created in the United States in 1908 and 1913, reduced the volatility and the instability of the American financial markets in comparison with the situation before the Panic of 1907. Finally, the last drawback of the former regulatory system was the lack of cooperation between the different central banks of each country. Before the global crisis, there was no homogeneous policy to face the problems and restore the stability of the financial markets. Each single country was not able to stop the crisis by itself and the lack of cooperation between regulatory authorities was only likely to wo rsen the situation. This was illustrated by the French President, Nicolas Sarkozy, who said that None of our countries acting alone could end this crisis. Therefore, the crisis evidenced the need for international cooperation to reduce efficiently the risk in the financial markets. As a consequence, since the beginning of the global crisis, there have been a multiplication of international summits to define a new framework for international cooperation. The meetings in Washington D.C. in November 2007 and London in April 2009 promoted a central bank cooperation. Nevertheless, most of these meetings were said to be unnecessary and many efforts still need to be made to create a real international cooperation between central banks. Finally, the new regulatory system must be moderate and financial authorities take into account that if there is too much support for the financial institutions, it could lead to a decrease of the efficiency and competitiveness of the markets. An exces s of support could damage the integrity of the financial sector, and have the opposite effect to the one expected. Conclusion There is a real need for more intervention of the authorities, mainly central banks, to maintain the stability of the markets, but a fair balance has to be found to avoid an excess of support reducing the competitiveness of those markets.

How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality Free Essays

In this project I am going to show how ICT can improve a business by speed and quality. I am going to show this by using a School’s Sports Day as an example. When using ICT to create a booklet for this Sports Day it is improving the time taken to create it as it is much easier to make it by computer. We will write a custom essay sample on How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality or any similar topic only for you Order Now If allows you to move pictures around so you can find the perfect position for them on the different pages. It also allows you print off as many copies as you want, rather than photocopying every page. It will not take as much time because you can insert any piece of information and you will be able to move things around to make everything be in its best position. For the Sports Day this year I will be creating an A5 programme. On the first page there will be the School’s Crest along with two photographs of the school. The day and date of the event will also be on the first page. Two A4 sheets need to be produced and to be used as masters for the inside and outside of the programme. The output this Sports Day Programme will take would be in an A5 booklet. On the middle pages there will be a list of track events with the times. On the back page the will be a half- page advert of Helmcroft Hotel. A list of last year’s record breakers will also be on that page. The information to be output would be the School’s Crest, photographs of the school, an advertisement of Helmcroft Hall and photographs of the new sports hall. The data needed to be output would be record breaking list and the events. The data that would be needed for the programme as an output are as follows: * The events and times that they take place (excel). * Food cost during the day. * What time the actually starts and finishes. * Who’s invited * The people who are running in the races. * Records of previous events. Testing is needed to make sure the data and the information is detailed, precise and specific on the document so that people can fully understand it thoroughly with ease. Although testing is not needed at this stage as you are only writing up information. Analysis for Task 2 For this task I will be using different programs for the different forms. The categories, records list and the list of beverages and food (and prices) would be produced in Excel. The entrance cost would be produced in PowerPoint so it can be created with lots of colours. The price of drinks to make a profit would be the information to be output. The data needed to produce the output would be the model on how many drinks are sold compared to the weather. I would like the best price to result in a profit. Design – Task 1 The problem that has to be solved is how to arrange the front and back page of the brochure for the school’s Sports Day, and the software that might be useful to achieve this. I shall use Microsoft Word to solve this problem. This is because the functions of the features available on Microsoft Word are necessary for solving the problem. Firstly, to set about reaching the problem I will use the functions of Word to make titles and sub-titles bold, italic and using the appropriate font size. The reason for this is so they will stand out, allowing the readers to see them more easily as they would be more clearer and more alluring. Secondly, I will use boxes around the text to make them stand out clearer. The text boxes will also allow me to import, position and resize graphics a lot more easily. The boxes and their borders would have bright colours to make the programme less dull. Word also allows graphics (e.g. the Helmcroft Hall advert) to be kept in the same proportions. These graphics are very easy to import using ‘drag and drop’. Design – Task 2 For Design 1 of the spreadsheet I have shown the basic layout of the: * Fixed Incomes * Fixed Expenditures * Costs of drinks to buy * Costs of drinks to sell My design also shows a different layout to what I will be using to display the various weather conditions. For this design I have only shown COLD and COOL conditions, as the rest will follow in my own design. For my own design of the spreadsheet I will produce the spreadsheet in a horizontal way rather than the original design, provided by the teacher, which was shown vertically. To fit the whole spreadsheet I will make use Arial 10pt font for the main text, the main headline will be Comic Sans MS 18pt font. The sub headlines will be different fonts, two will be Showcard Gothic 14pt font and the others will be Tempus Sans ITC 12pt font. The total headings are produced in bold Arial Narrow 10pt font. The cells with the results of the formulae are formatted to be shown as currency. I varied the widths of the columns to allow the text to fit perfectly; in some parts I merged the cells. The formulae I used were simple, only addition and multiplication sums being used. For the spreadsheets I will produce I will use Microsoft Excel. The following table outlines the software features needed to produce my Price Pledge Model, and for each feature, the suitability of Excel has been examined. Excel has a simple-to-use replicate feature. I can select a cell (that contains text, a number or formulae), highlight a section to the right and copy the contents of the original cell into those selected to the right. It will automatically change the letter for the column being used as it’s replicated across. Excel can carry out simple calculations. How to cite How ICT can improve a business by speed and quality, Papers

Resort and Spa Management for Tourism- myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theResort and Spa Management for Tourism. Answer: Introduction This study deals with analyzing the current issues or challenges faced by resort and spa industry in and across Australia (Zeng and Gerritsen 2014). In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on understanding each of the issues in detail and providing proper recommendations at the same time. The current segment elucidates emerging trends or future opportunities in resort and spa industry. One of the key insights that had been noted in the study is increase growth rate in resort and spa industry. This industry faces increased competition as compared to other sectors. There are various reasons for increased competition in resort and spa industry (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). A majority of resort and spa business attribute industry growth that links with growing foodie culture captivating Australians. Other factors that are mentioned in the study are promoting a growth in competition that is local population growth as well as higher consumer demand. The growth in re sort and spa industry and increased competition could be a contributing factor in the hospitality business that has the ability to attract as well as retaining customers. Tourism is one of the sources of income for Australia and continues to grow in terms of scale as well as scope (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). There is significant rise in resort and spa industry development over few past decades as it is one of the most social, cultural phenomenon and economic factors in Australia. Current issues or challenges that affect Resort and Spa Industry in Australia The resort and spa industry is booming but research shows that there are still lots of factors that limit the success of Australian hospitality business. Individuals such as owners, managers as well as head chefs and staff members has lot to say about their own restaurants, nightclubs and pubs. There are various issues that affect the functioning of resort and spa industry such as increased competition as well as operating costs that impact the success of resort and spa industry as a whole (Weir 2017). There are various challenges that are faced by resort and spa industry and these are mentioned below: Labor and skill shortage- One of the issues or challenge that affects the operations of resort and spa industry in Australia is shortage of labor and essential skills. It is noted that there had been an issue to attract and retain qualified workers in resort and spa industry in an isolated markets and become a global challenge (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Technology- The major factor that governs technological issue faced by resort and spa industry is the complexity that is present in the hotel environment. There is lack of awareness of how much efficiency can be improved by use of modern integrated systems (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Capital availability- It is noted that capital provides asset liquidity as well as help in developing resort hotels in Australia. Increased resort and spa industry enhances the asset values as well as lowering returns. Most of the factor affects the amount, capital availability and timing at the same time (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Solution and recommendations for each issue identified The above issues mentioned can be reduced to some extent and elaborated as under: Resort and spa industry need to develop internal programs for creating attractive career paths so that the potential candidates can see this industry as a professional development opportunity (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). This industry need to recruit for entry level position that is easy to recruit when the recruiter outline the career path as well as point the mangers the key responsibilities for the line position. Australia and many other nations believe in offering guest worker programs that recruit seasonal workers for a period of 10 months. Resort and spa industry is a labor intensive business as well as automation opportunities that are limited by nature. It needs to reconfigure work process and then sharing the benefits of increased productivity that can have positive results (Vila, Darcy and Gonzlez 2015). Both cross-training as well as cross-utilization are nowhere a new concept but they are good one. Here, employees are expected to master the skills for their o wn positions but receive pay rise when they have become certified in other jobs. The employees who are trained can fill in the place wherever needed by the industry during peak times and have their own horizons through cross departmental training. In recent business environment, operators are finding ways for competing with the workers as hard as they compete with the customers (Smith and Puczk 2014). It is important to develop a positive work environment with real opportunities for advancement as well as combined with creative strategies for recruiting and improving employee productivity that increases the essential skills where the workforce continues to shrink in the near future. With the emergence of technology, the resort and spa industry is able to grow in the present environment where people are aware of the services any resort provides. Online booking as well as mobile applications should be used by resort companies (Smith and Puczk 2014). Use of these applications will enable the guests to leave digital footprints and get accessed to data for targeted promotions as well as individualized messaging. Most of the spa industry today pride themselves on being high touch rather than high tech but they mainly engages the guests through use of social media as well as online booking capabilities that enhances relevance (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Efficient flow of capital into the resort and spa industry will help he industry to overcome the difficulties. In addition, supply, demand as well as profitability and yields relatively and get access to positive consequences on the operating as well as asset sides of the market. Furthermore, maturation of the expansionary cycle of Resort and spa industry that result in a moderation in capital availability as well as increase in capital costs. It is important to be aware of the present trends that enable investors for planning ahead as well as taking advantage of capital market conditions (Baum 2016). Emerging trends within the Resort and Spa Industry Resort and spa industry belong to challenging economic climate where the companies aims to deliver quality customer service as well as producing a positive bottom line. Existing and future trends of Resort and spa industry in Australia are listed below with proper justification: There is significant shift on the part of consumers towards wellness as well as preventive health that is an alternative to pampering that drives according to the needs of consumers (Mok, Sparks and Kadampully 2013). This takes into account increased comfort level that follows spa procedures as well as incorporates this for preventing treatments and services. The services provided will help in driving a collaborative approach with the Resort and spa industry. Nowadays, consumers are more concerned about their health and sensitive to price as well that drive a closer collaboration between spas as well as healthcare sector. Therefore, Resort and spa industry continue to increase the role in wellness to provide spa offerings in the near future (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Recently, consumers expect proactive approach from Resort and spa industry after addressing environmental concerns (Buhalis and Crotts 2013). The Resort and spa industry trend will not disappear anytime soon. The majority of delegates from Resort and spa industry report that environmental responsibility will have a significant influence on the future business activities. New and innovative ways are present in Resort and spa industry that is used for relaxation as well as delivering services for promoting business that are increasing at rapid pace. In addition, the use of spa credits help in increasing the bookings or building into the room rate where spa treatment is becoming more viable (Cheer and Lew 2017). Most of the consumers that go for spa treatment actually want to de-stress. Here, spa menus reflect the ongoing trend through their offerings such as Yoga, relaxation massages and meditation that is more viable and this trend will continue well in the near future (McPhail et al. 2015). Consumers will show interest in getting access to value-added deals that include discount on services. It is important for getting involved in new and innovative promotions that mainly focus on creating a full-day experience. It is important for setting menu pricing of consumer awareness as well as local competition (Chon 2013). Justification of effects of trends on the future of the resort and spa industry The future trends in resort and spa industry is greener as well as eco-lodgings. In addition, it is important to develop more resort and spa services (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). The resort and spa industry should use advanced technology by using guest virtual footprint for performing all the operations in the most appropriate way. This sector has the opportunity for employment and should increase the salaries for retention of existing staff members. It is important to put more emphasis on internet as well as technology (Leung et al. 2013). Furthermore, virtual as well as physical social network of guests will be the best distribution channels. There is a global increase in resort and spa industry in term of tourist arrivals as well as tourism expenditure. In addition, the future trends will affect resort and spa industry in various ways such as increased concern with guests safety and security, diversity in the workforce composition as well as significance of outstanding services that leads to additional opportunities for increase revenue (Cocolas, Walters and Ruhanen 2016). Resort and spa industry have evolved into sophisticated as well as disciplined tools that is capable of helping guests and generate revenues as well as reaching much improved level of efficiency (Frost, Laing and Beeton 2014). The impact of changing demographics on resort and spa industry on travel trends in the sector that remains unaffected. There are recent changes in the demographic environment that holds for main implications for resort and spa industry. There are various factors identified that affect the profitability of resort and spa industry that is in control of individuals such as hotel owners and operators for mitigating the impact. The greatest challenge will be to move from consciousness based on fear as well as separation based on love and connection (Wirahardja, Turner and Richardson 2016). Australian need to work hard for improving its tourism infrastructure as well as revamping in hotels and boosting service standards so that resort and spa industry cope with the i nflux of tourists over years. Fast changing consumer habits as well as attitude had kept resort and spa industry for bringing changes for attainment of future goals and objectives. Resort and spa industry grew out of the desire that attracts both consumers as a genuine career opportunity. It is important to highlight wide variety of entry paths to resort and spa industry as well as enables potential recruits for hearing from leaders in the industry for deciding over the career paths (Fletcher, Pforr and Brueckner 2016). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that resort and spa industry face strong competition from other forms of accommodation. In addition, increased inbound tourism actually benefits the industry players over the past 5 years. On analysis, it is noted that China has become Australias most valuable inbound market as far as expenditure is concerned. Resort and spa industry has rebounded over past 5 years that recovers from a period of sluggish growth during previous years. In addition, the depreciation in Australian dollar as well as rising discretionary incomes have encouraged a greater number of Australian residents for travelling domestically over the period of 5 years that had boosted demand from domestic leisure tourists. Furthermore, business tourist nights increase as it is increased and rising due to optimism during financial conditions that reflects in a large positive business confidence index for past 5 years. The most important for resort and spa industry are having loya l customer base, proximity to key markets as well as access to multi-skilled and flexible workforce. Reference List Baum, T. ., 2016.Human resource issues in international tourism. Elsevier. Buhalis, D. and Crotts, J., 2013.Global alliances in tourism and hospitality management. Routledge. Cheer, J.M. and Lew, A.A.., 2017.Tourism, Resilience and Sustainability: Adapting to Social, Political and Economic Change. Routledge. Chon, K.S., 2013.Tourism in Southeast Asia: A new direction. Routledge. Cocolas, N., Walters, G. and Ruhanen, L., 2016. Behavioural adaptation to climate change among winter alpine tourists: an analysis of tourist motivations and leisure substitutability.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(6), pp.846-865. Fletcher, C., Pforr, C. and Brueckner, M., 2016. Factors influencing Indigenous engagement in tourism development: an international perspective.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,24(8-9), pp.1100-1120. Frost, W., Laing, J. and Beeton, S., 2014. The future of nature-based tourism in the Asia-Pacific region.Journal of Travel Research,53(6), pp.721-732. Leung, D., Law, R., Van Hoof, H. and Buhalis, D., 2013. Social media in tourism and hospitality: A literature review.Journal of Travel Tourism Marketing,30(1-2), pp.3-22. McPhail, R., Patiar, A., Herington, C., Creed, P. and Davidson, M., 2015. Development and initial validation of a hospitality employees job satisfaction index: Evidence from Australia.I Mok, C., Sparks, B. and Kadampully, J., 2013.Service quality management in hospitality, tourism, and leisure. Routledge. Smith, M. and Puczk, L., 2014.Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge. Smith, M. and Puczk, L., 2014.Health, tourism and hospitality: Spas, wellness and medical travel. Routledge.nternational Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,27(8), pp.1814-1838. Vila, T.D., Darcy, S. and Gonzlez, E.A., 2015. Competing for the disability tourism marketa comparative exploration of the factors of accessible tourism competitiveness in Spain and Australia.Tourism Management,47, pp.261-272.d Hospitality: The Impact of Emerging Markets and Emerging Destinations, p.632. Weir, B., 2017. Climate change and tourismAre we forgetting lessons from the past?.Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management,32, pp.108-114. Wirahardja, F., Turner, G. and Richardson, S., 2016. Who will stay in the hospitality industry?: A blue mountains international hotel management school case study.CAUTHE 2016: The Changing Landscape of Tourism an Zeng, B. and Gerritsen, R., 2014. What do we know about social media in tourism? A review.Tourism Management Perspectives,10, pp.27-36.

Discipleship in Matthew Essay Example

Discipleship in Matthew Essay Global discipleship making disciples for the sake of the nations A study of the Gospel according to Matthew Introduction Matthew’s handbook for the church Why did Matthew write his gospel? John clearly had an evangelistic aim (Jn 20:31), but Matthew wrote his gospel for the church, for those who already follow Jesus. It is a teaching gospel, which arranges its material into subjects, summarising the teaching of Jesus and illustrating it with examples from his life. Matthew’s is the only gospel that mentions the church (16:18; 18:17). In short, Matthew wrote the first discipleship training course! Matthew divides his material into 5 sections, each of which contains a number of stories from the life of Jesus, and concludes with a chapter (or two or three) of extended teaching by Jesus to his disciples, before finishing with the passion narrative of the death and resurrection of Jesus. This fivefold division was no accident, for Matthew was a Jewish Christian (and former tax-collector), and all Jewish writings of his time followed this pattern (based on the 5 books of Torah Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy). Why did Matthew write this gospel for the church? He probably wrote it at a time when church and synagogue were growing apart, when the distinction between Jew and Christian was becoming more obvious. At first, most if not all followers of Jesus were Jewish. But over time, as more and more Gentiles found new life in Jesus, an ‘either/or’ situation developed. Matthew’s church was probably made up of Jewish Christians, facing increasing pressure over their (apparently) divided loyalties. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And he wanted to show them that Jesus was indeed the long-awaited Messiah, fulfilment of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that they were not being unfaithful to their roots by being Christians. So how is this relevant to us? Matthew’s church has been described as â€Å"a community cut off from its roots divided in itself as to what its priorities should be, groping for direction in the face of previously-unknown problems† (David Bosch, ‘Transforming Mission’, p58). Does this sound familiar, such as our own context today? And Matthew’s response? â€Å"His concern is not simply to help his people cope with the new pressures they confront, but to assist them in developing a missionary ethos that will match the challenges of a new epoch† (Bosch, ibid). Matthew’s aim is therefore both pastoral and missionary – pastoral, in wishing to convey selfconfidence to a community of Christians facing a crisis of identity; and missionary, in seeking to embolden them toward seeing opportunities for witness and service around them. So this is very relevant to us. Matthew has written a gospel for the church, for those who follow Jesus, to encourage and motivate them, to give them confidence about who they are, and to direct them outwards, to share the good news with others. Matthew’s understanding of mission making disciples The theme of discipleship is central to Matthew’s gospel, and the term ‘disciple’ is used far more often by him than by Mark or Luke (Mt 73, Mk 46, Lk 37 times). But while in Mark and Luke, ‘disciple’ is the term reserved only for the Twelve, in Matthew it is used more widely, of any follower of Jesus. The Twelve are the prototypes for all disciples, who are to copy them, doing the things they did. And as well as being linked to the first band of disciples, any contemporary disciples are also linked to each other. No disciple can follow Jesus alone, but is irrevocably linked to the fellowship of disciples, the ekklesia, the church (which, as above, is why Matthew mentions it). There is a strong emphasis in Matthew’s gospel on doing God’s will, keeping his commands, and the challenge to be perfect, to surpass or excel, to observe or keep, to teach, and to bear fruit. Consider for example the concern for doing God’s will. In the Lord’s Prayer, we are to pray that His will be done (6:10); only those who do the will of the Father will be saved (7:21-23); in the parable of the two sons, it is the one who did his father’s will who is commended, not the one who said he would (21:28-31). For Matthew, actions are the test of the authenticity of words. It is not what we say, but what we do, that matters. Orthodoxy is not as important as orthopraxis right action surpasses right belief. Discipleship is about doing, about service. Another concern for Matthew is that any disciple of Jesus should give evidence of dikaiosyne, that is, justice-righteousness. It is a difficult word to translate into English, since it carries the connotations of both these words. ‘Righteousness’ refers to a right relationship with God; ‘justice’ refers to a right relationship with our fellow human-beings. It is neither only spiritual, nor only pragmatic. A right relationship with God protects us from legalism, and a right relationship with others protects us from empty words (both mortal sins in Matthew’s eyes). Discipleship includes a concern for both justice and righteousness. Who is to be discipled? This is the most Jewish of the gospels, full of direct Old Testament quotations and allusions. On two occasions, Jesus appears to restrict the work of himself and his disciples only to Israel (10:5-6; 15:24). And yet Matthew still manages to conclude his gospel with one of his most famous passages, the ‘Great Commission’, sending his disciples to make more disciples, of all the nations (28:18-20). Is this a bit of a surprise to the disciples, an afterthought by the soon-departing Jesus? As if he were saying, â€Å"Oh, by the way, here’s something I should have mentioned earlier, but I forgot. If you feel like it, and are not too busy, could you disciple a few nations for me? †. But the ‘nations’ (Gentiles, ethne) are in fact never far from sight throughout Matthew’s gospel. They are included in Jesus’ genealogy (1:5); they are the first to worship the new-born Christ (magi 2:1-11); Jesus lived in Galilee ‘of the Gentiles’ (4:15); news of his activities ‘spread all over Syria’ (4:24); the ‘plentiful harvest’ of 9:37 alludes to a wider perspective; the quotation of Isa 42:1-4 in 12:18-21 mentions ‘the nations’ twice; in the parable of the wheat and the tares, the field is ‘the world’ (13:38); Jesus was willing to enter non-Jewish homes (8:7); Jesus commends the faith of Gentiles, including the Canaanite woman whom he apparently initially rejects (8:10; 15:28); he explicitly promises that many from ‘the nations’ will participate in the messianic feast (8:11), and that finally the gospel will be preached in the whole world, as a testimony to ‘all nations’ (24:14). Thus, for Matthew, the mission of the church is to make disciples, followers of Jesus, who will do the Father’s will, from every nation. Discipleship is self-reproducing. Disciples will make disciples, who will in turn do the same, into every nation on earth. The ‘Great Commission’ Matthew’s summary of what disciple-making means When they saw him, they worshipped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, â€Å"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and makes disciples of all nations, baptising them in the names of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age† (Matt 28:17-29). These are some of the most used (and abused? ) verses in recent Christian history. Often taken out of context, and used to support missionary appeals of all kinds, this ignores the context we have outlined so far. They are not, as I suggested above, an afterthought, but rather the climax, a culmination of everything said up to this point, a summary of Matthew’s entire gospel, written so that we might â€Å"make disciples of all nations†. For Matthew, discipleship is the mission of the church, with all the nations in view. The content of this disciplemaking is teaching and baptising. The ‘going’ is not an imperative in Greek but a present participle thus it is not a command, but an assumption. The overall aim of the church, and therefore of all discipleship, is the winning of all nations to the status of true followers of Jesus. So how does Matthew suggest this is to be done? Mark uses ‘proclaim’ (kerysso) and ‘teach’ (didasko) interchangeably. Matthew never does. Jesus never ‘preaches’ to his disciples. He teaches them. In the first commissioning, the disciples are sent to ‘preach’ (10:7), a ‘proper’ missionary activity. But in the Great Commission, this is not so. The disciples are sent to ‘teach’, an activity reserved for the benefit of disciples, those who already follow Jesus. To understand this, we need to remember that, for Matthew, teaching is no mere intellectual enterprise. Jesus’ teaching appeals not to the mind, but to the will. It is a call for a concrete decision to follow him, and to submit to God’s will (as revealed in the life and ministry of Jesus). Proper actions, not words, are what count. This is what it will mean to disciple the nations. It is not enough simply to proclaim that ‘Jesus is Lord’ people from every nation are to be turned into mature, active followers of him. Jesus has universal authority. Why then make disciples? Because this fact has to be proclaimed to all. If Jesus really is Lord, it simply has to be proclaimed. No-one who knows can keep silent about it. They can only do one thing help others to acknowledge Jesus’ lordship. Only Jesus’ authority inaugurates and makes possible a worldwide mission. The universal, unlimited dominion of the risen Jesus evokes an equally universal, limitless response from his followers. Jesus promises to be with the disciples always, to the end of the age (Matt 28:20), is rooted in the first title given to him Immanuel, God with us (1:23). This presence is permanent, FACT, based on nothing more spectacular than a simple promise. No fireworks, no Pentecost. This presence and empowering is not simply for our own comfort, but is intimately connected with mission. It is only as it makes disciples that the church knows the presence of Jesus. The disciples are clearly modelled on Jesus, to do the things that he did (â€Å"teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you†; cf 10:24-25). But the disciples are not expected to be perfect. They are referred to as being ‘of little faith’, ‘afraid’, or ‘full of doubt’. Even in Matt 28:17, all worship, but some doubt. This communicates that mission never takes place in self-confidence, but in the knowledge of our own weakness, at the point of crisis where danger and opportunity come together. Like the first disciples, we stand in the place of tension between worship and doubt, faith and fear. Mission is â€Å"not a fringe activity of a strongly-established church, a pious cause which may be attended to once the home fires are first brightly burning† (David Bosch) . it is not one of the things the church does. It is the framework for all that the church does and is. It is the reason, the goal, the end of discipleship.  © Richard Tiplady December 1996 Discipleship in Matthew Essay Example Discipleship in Matthew Essay Global discipleship making disciples for the sake of the nations A study of the Gospel according to Matthew Introduction Matthew’s handbook for the church Why did Matthew write his gospel? John clearly had an evangelistic aim (Jn 20:31), but Matthew wrote his gospel for the church, for those who already follow Jesus. It is a teaching gospel, which arranges its material into subjects, summarising the teaching of Jesus and illustrating it with examples from his life. Matthew’s is the only gospel that mentions the church (16:18; 18:17). In short, Matthew wrote the first discipleship training course! Matthew divides his material into 5 sections, each of which contains a number of stories from the life of Jesus, and concludes with a chapter (or two or three) of extended teaching by Jesus to his disciples, before finishing with the passion narrative of the death and resurrection of Jesus. This fivefold division was no accident, for Matthew was a Jewish Christian (and former tax-collector), and all Jewish writings of his time followed this pattern (based on the 5 books of Torah Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers and Deuteronomy). Why did Matthew write this gospel for the church? He probably wrote it at a time when church and synagogue were growing apart, when the distinction between Jew and Christian was becoming more obvious. At first, most if not all followers of Jesus were Jewish. But over time, as more and more Gentiles found new life in Jesus, an ‘either/or’ situation developed. Matthew’s church was probably made up of Jewish Christians, facing increasing pressure over their (apparently) divided loyalties. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship in Matthew specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer And he wanted to show them that Jesus was indeed the long-awaited Messiah, fulfilment of the Hebrew Scriptures, and that they were not being unfaithful to their roots by being Christians. So how is this relevant to us? Matthew’s church has been described as â€Å"a community cut off from its roots divided in itself as to what its priorities should be, groping for direction in the face of previously-unknown problems† (David Bosch, ‘Transforming Mission’, p58). Does this sound familiar, such as our own context today? And Matthew’s response? â€Å"His concern is not simply to help his people cope with the new pressures they confront, but to assist them in developing a missionary ethos that will match the challenges of a new epoch† (Bosch, ibid). Matthew’s aim is therefore both pastoral and missionary – pastoral, in wishing to convey selfconfidence to a community of Christians facing a crisis of identity; and missionary, in seeking to embolden them toward seeing opportunities for witness and service around them. So this is very relevant to us. Matthew has written a gospel for the church, for those who follow Jesus, to encourage and motivate them, to give them confidence about who they are, and to direct them outwards, to share the good news with others. Matthew’s understanding of mission making disciples The theme of discipleship is central to Matthew’s gospel, and the term ‘disciple’ is used far more often by him than by Mark or Luke (Mt 73, Mk 46, Lk 37 times). But while in Mark and Luke, ‘disciple’ is the term reserved only for the Twelve, in Matthew it is used more widely, of any follower of Jesus. The Twelve are the prototypes for all disciples, who are to copy them, doing the things they did. And as well as being linked to the first band of disciples, any contemporary disciples are also linked to each other. No disciple can follow Jesus alone, but is irrevocably linked to the fellowship of disciples, the ekklesia, the church (which, as above, is why Matthew mentions it). There is a strong emphasis in Matthew’s gospel on doing God’s will, keeping his commands, and the challenge to be perfect, to surpass or excel, to observe or keep, to teach, and to bear fruit. Consider for example the concern for doing God’s will. In the Lord’s Prayer, we are to pray that His will be done (6:10); only those who do the will of the Father will be saved (7:21-23); in the parable of the two sons, it is the one who did his father’s will who is commended, not the one who said he would (21:28-31). For Matthew, actions are the test of the authenticity of words. It is not what we say, but what we do, that matters. Orthodoxy is not as important as orthopraxis right action surpasses right belief. Discipleship is about doing, about service. Another concern for Matthew is that any disciple of Jesus should give evidence of dikaiosyne, that is, justice-righteousness. It is a difficult word to translate into English, since it carries the connotations of both these words. ‘Righteousness’ refers to a right relationship with God; ‘justice’ refers to a right relationship with our fellow human-beings. It is neither only spiritual, nor only pragmatic. A right relationship with God protects us from legalism, and a right relationship with others protects us from empty words (both mortal sins in Matthew’s eyes). Discipleship includes a concern for both justice and righteousness. Who is to be discipled? This is the most Jewish of the gospels, full of direct Old Testament quotations and allusions. On two occasions, Jesus appears to restrict the work of himself and his disciples only to Israel (10:5-6; 15:24). And yet Matthew still manages to conclude his gospel with one of his most famous passages, the ‘Great Commission’, sending his disciples to make more disciples, of all the nations (28:18-20). Is this a bit of a surprise to the disciples, an afterthought by the soon-departing Jesus? As if he were saying, â€Å"Oh, by the way, here’s something I should have mentioned earlier, but I forgot. If you feel like it, and are not too busy, could you disciple a few nations for me? †. But the ‘nations’ (Gentiles, ethne) are in fact never far from sight throughout Matthew’s gospel. They are included in Jesus’ genealogy (1:5); they are the first to worship the new-born Christ (magi 2:1-11); Jesus lived in Galilee ‘of the Gentiles’ (4:15); news of his activities ‘spread all over Syria’ (4:24); the ‘plentiful harvest’ of 9:37 alludes to a wider perspective; the quotation of Isa 42:1-4 in 12:18-21 mentions ‘the nations’ twice; in the parable of the wheat and the tares, the field is ‘the world’ (13:38); Jesus was willing to enter non-Jewish homes (8:7); Jesus commends the faith of Gentiles, including the Canaanite woman whom he apparently initially rejects (8:10; 15:28); he explicitly promises that many from ‘the nations’ will participate in the messianic feast (8:11), and that finally the gospel will be preached in the whole world, as a testimony to ‘all nations’ (24:14). Thus, for Matthew, the mission of the church is to make disciples, followers of Jesus, who will do the Father’s will, from every nation. Discipleship is self-reproducing. Disciples will make disciples, who will in turn do the same, into every nation on earth. The ‘Great Commission’ Matthew’s summary of what disciple-making means When they saw him, they worshipped him; but some doubted. Then Jesus came to them and said, â€Å"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore go and makes disciples of all nations, baptising them in the names of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age† (Matt 28:17-29). These are some of the most used (and abused? ) verses in recent Christian history. Often taken out of context, and used to support missionary appeals of all kinds, this ignores the context we have outlined so far. They are not, as I suggested above, an afterthought, but rather the climax, a culmination of everything said up to this point, a summary of Matthew’s entire gospel, written so that we might â€Å"make disciples of all nations†. For Matthew, discipleship is the mission of the church, with all the nations in view. The content of this disciplemaking is teaching and baptising. The ‘going’ is not an imperative in Greek but a present participle thus it is not a command, but an assumption. The overall aim of the church, and therefore of all discipleship, is the winning of all nations to the status of true followers of Jesus. So how does Matthew suggest this is to be done? Mark uses ‘proclaim’ (kerysso) and ‘teach’ (didasko) interchangeably. Matthew never does. Jesus never ‘preaches’ to his disciples. He teaches them. In the first commissioning, the disciples are sent to ‘preach’ (10:7), a ‘proper’ missionary activity. But in the Great Commission, this is not so. The disciples are sent to ‘teach’, an activity reserved for the benefit of disciples, those who already follow Jesus. To understand this, we need to remember that, for Matthew, teaching is no mere intellectual enterprise. Jesus’ teaching appeals not to the mind, but to the will. It is a call for a concrete decision to follow him, and to submit to God’s will (as revealed in the life and ministry of Jesus). Proper actions, not words, are what count. This is what it will mean to disciple the nations. It is not enough simply to proclaim that ‘Jesus is Lord’ people from every nation are to be turned into mature, active followers of him. Jesus has universal authority. Why then make disciples? Because this fact has to be proclaimed to all. If Jesus really is Lord, it simply has to be proclaimed. No-one who knows can keep silent about it. They can only do one thing help others to acknowledge Jesus’ lordship. Only Jesus’ authority inaugurates and makes possible a worldwide mission. The universal, unlimited dominion of the risen Jesus evokes an equally universal, limitless response from his followers. Jesus promises to be with the disciples always, to the end of the age (Matt 28:20), is rooted in the first title given to him Immanuel, God with us (1:23). This presence is permanent, FACT, based on nothing more spectacular than a simple promise. No fireworks, no Pentecost. This presence and empowering is not simply for our own comfort, but is intimately connected with mission. It is only as it makes disciples that the church knows the presence of Jesus. The disciples are clearly modelled on Jesus, to do the things that he did (â€Å"teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you†; cf 10:24-25). But the disciples are not expected to be perfect. They are referred to as being ‘of little faith’, ‘afraid’, or ‘full of doubt’. Even in Matt 28:17, all worship, but some doubt. This communicates that mission never takes place in self-confidence, but in the knowledge of our own weakness, at the point of crisis where danger and opportunity come together. Like the first disciples, we stand in the place of tension between worship and doubt, faith and fear. Mission is â€Å"not a fringe activity of a strongly-established church, a pious cause which may be attended to once the home fires are first brightly burning† (David Bosch) . it is not one of the things the church does. It is the framework for all that the church does and is. It is the reason, the goal, the end of discipleship.  © Richard Tiplady December 1996

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Systems Theory And Change Management Information Technology Essay Change Management is important for any business transformation like new technology implementation, merger or acquisition. A common framework breaks down change management into three stages: Freeze, Change, and Unfreeze. This paper explains the concept of change management and relate it to the concepts in general systems theory. The case study on an organization is based on my experiences while implementing the change management. This case study is my understanding and analysis of the respective organization as a system of people, process and technology. This analysis will help students and change management consultants to broaden their view and correlate the general systems theory for effective change management. Whenever we have a business transformation within an organization, it impacts the process, the people and technology (Larkin, 2003). Change Management emphasis on the people side of change. Mc Kinsey and Company recently surveyed 1546 business executives from around the world, asking them if they consider their change program completely/mostly successfully: Only 30 percent agreed (Isem, Joseph and Pung, 2006). The change management approach for an organization was based on three stages: Freeze, Change, Unfreeze (Nickols, 2007). The key to the success of a change initiative is to access the previous changes and implementing the change by learnings from previous experiences and by avoiding repeating errors. To analyze the organizations readiness for a change we interact with the people who are responsible and are part of this change. In this paper we will discuss how the steps followed in change management to implement a change are also explained by Bertalanffy in General Systems Theory. We will discuss my experiences to access organizations readiness for change and correlate them with General Systems Theory. Systems Theory would enhance the understanding of an organization that would help to implement an effective change management. II. Theoretical Background: Change Management in Organizations. The first and foremost definition of change management refers to the making of changes in a planned and managed or systematic fashion (Nickols, 2007). A change within an organization could be a business transformation like implementation of new technology, merger or acquisition, layoffs etc. These changes not only affect the process and technology of an organization but also the people affected by this change. A business process transformation impacts the process, people and the technology (Larkin, 2003). Change management concentrates on the people side of change. Change Management is a process through which an organization can achieve its objective. In a conventional approach the various steps through this journey may be delineated but change management facilities to align these steps in a systematic manner to achieve success. It has not been determined whether change management is an art, science, a profession or a discipline. It is more likely composed of a little of each and a totally separate entity in itself (Ledez, 2008). It is a process through which we can predict the success of a change initiative by assessing the readiness of the organization towards change and then implement strategies to achieve the transition from the present scenario to the final transformation. Another definition of change management refers to the efforts it takes to manage people through the emotional ups and downs that inevitably occur when the organization is undergoing massive change (Sieber, Nah, 1999). With the increase in competition and technology it is necessary for an organization to initiate business transformation. The most crucial stage in the change management methodology is Freeze. As a change management consultant my focus was based on assessing the organizations readiness for change. To analyze the organizations readiness for change, we assess the change history, cultural conduciveness of the organization and the overall perception of the senior management towards this change initiative. Systems Theory and Systems Thinking. Systems Integrity is one of the underlying concepts of systems theory emphasizes on understanding the intricacies of a system before making any changes to it. A system becomes more complex with the advancement of technology. As the systems become more complex it is imperative to understand the system as a whole and the interactions within the system. Systems theory focuses on the relationships between parts and the properties of a whole, rather than reducing a whole to its parts and studying their individual properties (Ackoff, 1971). A system is defined as an entity which maintains its existence through mutual interactions of its parts (Bertalanffy, 1976). The interactions within a system occur due to its hierarchical order. The different sub-systems within a system have a particular role to play within a larger system of which it is a part (Sanford, 2004). The underlying structure of which is a nested hierarchy of increasing orders of complexity (Sanford, 2004). Ackoff believes that a systems theory concept approach is fundamental to the study of organizations, so he translated von Bertalanffys original definition of a system to organizational context (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). A system is composed of subsystems that interact with each other. At any given time, a system or its subsystems exhibits a state, defined as its current properties or characteristics (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). A change in the state of a system is called an event (Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). In simple terms, an event is any observable occurrence. The behavior of a system can be regarded as an event. Behaviors are events that initiate other events(Chun, Song, Arling, Granados, 2008). For example, providing incentives to the employees is a behavior that will cause another event to motivate the employees. A process is a sequence of behaviors within a system that can lead to reach its final goal (Chun, Song, Arling, Granado s, 2008). This is also related to the concept of equifinality. Equifinality is an idea that suggests that in an open system a similar result may be achieved in many different ways (Cumming, Worley, 2005). Any system that interacts with the external environment is an open system. The open systems interact with the sub-systems within or external environment through feedback mechanism. The final goal or objective of a system can be achieved by the various subsystems in an open system through different ways, paths or procedures. This concept of an open system is called Equifinality. Towards a Systems Theory approach in Change Management. The backbone of change management is composed of a variety of hard and soft sciences drawn upon psychology, sociology, business administration, economics, industrial engineering, systems engineering (Nickols, 2007). It is imperative to study the long term cultural and behavioral patterns of a system to analyze the scope of change within that system. Change Management theory includes a series of models, beliefs, concepts and principles known as General Systems Theory (Nickols, 2007). The concepts of systems theory enhances the effectiveness of change management in an organization. We will now describe the research methodology and the case study of the company where I implemented change management. Lets call that company as LSD (hypothetical name). III. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY: CASE STUDY The organization as a whole can be considered as a system with various departments within the organizations acting as subsystems interacting among each other and the outside world. The people within an organization are the integral part of this system. Change is also a psychological even and any organizational change may involve some real and perceived threat of personal loss for the people involved. This event may lead to the resistant behavior by the people involved in the change initiative. The success of a change program can be brought about by appropriate connections of many activities related to human behavior. Change management in all about predicting the future. To analyze and predict the success of a change initiative within an organization we need to assess the long term patters or history and behaviors of events within the organization. Current State Assessment consisting of evaluation the change history and assessing the Cultural Conduciveness for the change will provide suggestions how to manage the change within the organization. Organizational readiness assessment will help LSD to determine how prepared they are for the future. Current State Assessment and Organization Readiness Assessment were based on the following inputs- (1) Discussions/ Interviews with the top management, (2) Dialogue with the Core Team i.e. people working on the new technology, (3) Workshops and Questionnaire administration among the key stakeholders i.e. people who are either affected by the change program or can have an impact on the successful implementation of the change program, (4) Workshops and Questionnaire administered to the Core Team , (5) Questionnaires administered among the larger work force across all the offices in the country. Workshops were conducted to sensitize the stakeholders about the importance of the change initiative (ERP implementation) prior to the questionnaire administration. In all 90 responses were collected from all the departments and offices across the country. Also a variety of designations ranging from C-Level executive to lower staff , were covered to gain a comprehensive understanding of LSDs Change History , Culture and Organizational Readiness. IV. CHANGE MANAGEMENT AT LSD LSD is one of the leading government organizations in the power and energy sector. The organization has around twenty three offices across the country with four head offices in metropolitan cities. With the growth and expansion in the last twenty years the company is deciding to switch from the paper-work procedure to ERP implementation. This implantation will streamline and shorten their business processes to cope with the industry standards and competition. I was part of this change management team that facilitated this challenging transformation. Out team included four third-party change management consultants and ten change agents across the organization. These change agents were the employees who were influential within LSD. Applying Systems Theory to Change Management at LSD. We will now correlate the methodologies used by us in change management with the concepts in systems theory and systems thinking. The approach we used to implement this change included both the quantitative analysis (i.e. by administering questionnaire and analyzing the scores) and qualitative analysis (i.e. by conducting interviews and workshops with the employees). In the change readiness assessment we included the survey from all the employees across the country that would be part of this change program. All these employees are part of the whole change management system and relates to the concept that the focuses on the relationship between parts and the properties of a whole (Ackoff, 1971). Change History Assessment. We assess the history of the previous changes within the organization to understand the system better before altering it. The analysis of previous history data will provide us with the previous trends, patterns or behavior of the system. This helps a change management consultant to predict the system better in case of any future changes and manage the system accordingly. The parameters used in the change history assessment are:- Stakeholder Identification and Commitment It is imperative for us to include all the people as a subsystem to interact within the system as a whole. Resistance Analysis and Management The change from one event to another may cause some change in behavior. When we consider the people as part of a system, changes in human behavior is also predominant. Resistance analysis is to gauge the human behavior within our system. Benefits Identification and Management This is one of the parameters that play a very important role in a balancing process. The change management approach is a goal-seeking process that tends to reach the equifinality. The various departments and the people across the organization work together to reach the final change. The resistance from the employees may imbalance the system and diverge it to reach the final goal. Benefits Identification and management is a balancing act to make the resistant employees realize the benefits for them from this change initiative. This will lead the whole system to balance and reach the objective. Communication effectiveness This is also an important variable in any change management process. As the organizations become more complex and large the effectiveness of communication is a challenge. The more effective is the communication, the more aware and supportive the employees are. We can also explain this balancing process through the diagram below: Cultural Conduciveness: Culture is something that is difficult to define accurately, but everyone knows when they sense it. The pattern in the culture helps a change consultant to sense the mindset of the organization. The culture of the organization was assessed on the basis of the following parameters like trust , team work, openness , interpersonal learning , respect for the individuals , organizational support , rewards and recognition. After realizing the problem areas from previous history assessment, we had interviews with the stakeholders to understand the story of the problem. These interviews provided very useful information on the viewpoints of the employees with respect to this change initiative and their perspective on the culture of the organization. This helps the change management consultant to be a part of the system and sensitize to the structure of the organization. The key findings of my project were: The culture for rewards and recognition was less prominent and didnt motivated employees to be enthusiastic about any developments within the organization. The lower level employees felt alienated by the senior level executives. The communication and trust between the senior and lower management was missing. This lead to dissatisfaction among the lower level and they never took in the organization activities.