Class student dicussions answers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Class student dicussions answers - Assignment Example There are various security controls that can be undertaken by a company. The argument that David raises concerns emerging security threats in the world today is right. The use of smartphones is on the increase. This has lead to attacks which are targeted at smart phones. With a smart phone also come wireless attacks, which are on the increase. This is something that is becoming a threat even as many organizations adopt wireless technologies. Wireless attacks are becoming common (Fernandez & Jossy, 2004)n. David’s definition of the two approaches to defining risks make sense. Quantitative risk analysis involved putting a monetary value to the risk. Qualitative risk analysis involves identifying a risk and gauging how far the impacts it has. It is like describing the risk and its impact. There are no figures that are associated. This post is succinct and straight to the point. The post by Julius brings a social issue that is emerging. It is hard categorizing this threat under information technology but the explanation given by Julius warrants it to be under information technology. This is a new form of information technology threats that come from hackers trying to practice activism using technology. It is a new method

Alternative Education Options Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Alternative Education Options - Assignment Example This is one of the key features for the school. The test serves the following purposes: to identify the students’ potentials, to allow the teachers to give sound judgment on the scope and effectiveness of the course and finally assess on the whole accomplishment of the course. The school uses formal tests, homework, class work, field trips among others to constantly assess the students’ progress. The school has a diverse range of out door activities available for learners. The include round square community service projects, drama, debating and verse speaking, horse riding and desktop publishing among others. These activities have greatly assisted in promoting self discipline among the students with the help of strict school rules and regulations. Brook House has the academic calendar beginning from the month of August to December for the first term but with breaks in between lasting for a period of one week. The second term resumes on January till March but with breaks for half term. The third term resumes after the Easter holiday with a merely short half term. The school has very skilled professionals who are fully dedicated to the tune of schools’ international focus. The staff comprises of the locals, Asians and British expatriates of whom they are well trained with technical knowledge of British curriculum. The school adapts the British form of curriculum throughout the entire academic period. Among the subjects done include; Music, modern Foreign Language, English, History, Art, Science, Mathematics, Physical Education, Geography and ICT. At the end of academic year, students sit for International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE) examinations thereafter join International Foundational Year program. The school is governed by board of directors who are well knowledgeable about the academic prospects of life. For smooth operation of the school, it is funded by

How changes in family structure affect society

How changes in family structure affect society There are many changes that occur in the society and the family but it always had a link which distinguishes the reasons for both activities in one way or the other. If there is a change in the society it will definitely have an impact with the citizens; it may be against the change or for but it has its contribution for the change. The Society cannot be called a society without its citizens and family is where most citizens belong therefore for every change in the family- will be an influence and be the reasons behind the changes of the society (Wethington, 1992). There is a huge difference in the current family structure compared with how family is defined, it doesnt meet the criteria and the description but it is still a family. The term Nuclear family is used to describe how a family should be structured and an example of a nuclear family is composed by two biological parents and children this model of nuclear family believes to represents a healthy and successful family in the society for every citizen. The nuclear familys role is to helps maintain the family stronger and get the children and parents connected to avoid many problems due to separation of parents or numerous children. It doesnt matter about the family status or background but each individual in the society have different family circumstances and beliefs therefore the structure of the family varies and adapts depending in the consequences in life (Bengston, 2004). The meaning of families has too many definitions and different structure compared to the previous decade or recent years, the changes are very fast and unpredictable. A family was usually set after a marriage and every member of the family including the grandparents and the other siblings were each and everyone an important asset to the family, lived together or had regular visits. In the olden days the society wouldnt treat a couple with respects or even accept their presence within the society if they were living together before marriage or getting pregnant before being married. It has some religious influence but the society was very strict about marriages and that can also affect their future generation therefore individuals were scared not to be treated equally by the society and were getting married in order to form a family. Being in a family was the main aim for each individuals at that time; in todays worlds people have different interest and priorities but the majority stil l have families as their main priority maybe dont believe in marriages but they are members of families, nobody is to be felt as an orphan due to the current societies where even friends are considered to be families (Kelly). The family of Today varies from house to house, it is very complicated to define a family of today, it has different biological parents, children and sometimes both parents dont have any biological connections with the children but still are formed as family with adoptions systems. Therefore it is not needed to be blood related to be part of a family or belong to one, a family is formed with individuals not necessarily blood related and live within the same roof, care and love for each other. If the current society has to be compared with its previous, a lot of changes can be seen but the main ones are the changes in the family structure. There are different types of family, a single parent, gay parents, lesbian parents, adoptions, different biological parents and siblings all living within the same roof. Previously mothers or fathers would only be considered as single parents after a death of the partner and then the society slowly was getting several cases where single parent would occur due to divorce; it then lost the obligation of being married in order to form a family. The current new family types are gay parents and lesbians parents, gay and lesbian people are having an option to adopt a child and form a family of their own. The society was against gay and lesbian people but as the population and family of gay and lesbian people increased the society has changed its view and its manners over them (Bengston, 2004). The changes in the family and society might have improved and benefited individuals according to their living circumstances but there are also many negative outcomes due to these changes in family structure. A nuclear family was said to be ideal for the benefits of the children, both parents are responsible more emotionally and blood related to their children therefore they would care and love for their childrens future and well being as education and heath related issues. In todays case; parents are not always the biological mother or father of the child who leads to lack of concentration and observation in the children. Children dont get the basics such as care, love, proper food, medication and education. It can be proven in many cases where single parents struggle to manage the family and dont cope with problems and their children; it is not fair on the children not to benefit from basics needs such as education, care and love. It is highly necessary and the parents are responsib le for the well being of the child that is why a nuclear family is believed to be better for the children( Bilge, 1983). The children are also put in danger sometimes and in most cases the females are victims of sexual harassments from their step-fathers. It cannot be guaranteed that the biological father wouldnt have sexual contacts with their children because there are cases where their biological parents have sexual contacts with their children. Danger is everywhere but it is statistically proven to be safer to live with their own biological father and better for the childrens future and safety. Not all the parents biological or not have sexual or treat their children differently from their own, there are cases where step-fathers and step-mothers dont treat all the children equally and give preference to their own biological child. In the other hand we have cases were parents of different biological children have very good relationship and remain as strong family (Starling, 1995). The descriptions above of different changes in the family structure have given an idea of how the society is involved with the family and how it adapts to the changes. The issues about marriages and living together where once not accepted among the society even if the law wasnt objecting; the society still was strong enough to refuse others on their view on marriages. The society slowly is changed because as the elder generation disappear or become weaker to comment the younger generation take the lead and change the society according to their wishes and the law is also a strong asset to fight against the society. The marriage wasnt the only issue but there were many issues where the society would refuse to assume the change like the different race in the family but as the members of family develop their changes in their lifestyle-then the society doesnt immediately reacts and adapts to the changes but it slowly learns or somehow is forced to adapt and assume the changes( Delgado, 19 94). The current changes of gay and lesbian families arent completely accepted by the society but the law has only recently approved the rights for the gay and lesbian people. In most cases the individuals would have changes in their lifestyle and the law and religious beliefs would be against their choice. At current, religions dont have an impact for the law to make judgements on individuals choice of living but it usually needs a large amount of people or related issues to fight against then the law then it conclude a favourable judgement or sometimes against depending on the issues. The society havent fully accepted the gay and lesbian families because it is not a dominant number of people whom are gays and lesbians therefore it would take some time for the society to adapt and accept the existence of gay and lesbian families. This is how the structure of the family can change the society, as the family changes its structure the society slowly adapts and contributes as the family wish es; it is a slow process but at the end the society is indirectly forced to accept the changes (Starr, 1998). What is legal today wasnt legal yesterday and what was legal yesterday wasnt legal before, therefore the family changes the society and the society changes the world. Word count: 1428 words

Otto Von Bismarck Essay -- History

Otto Von Bismarck Otto Von Bismarck was a great leader in the unification of Germany. His skill as a diplomat was unrivalled during his reign as chancellor of Prussia. The mastery he showed in foreign policy was such that he was able to outwit all other powers and make their leaders appear inadequate. Bismarck was an unrivalled diplomat during his reign. His German Reich constitution of April 1871 allowed him to dictate the government on his own terms. However, the parliament only â€Å"had the power to initiate debate upon any point of his (Bismarck’s) policy, but neither he nor any other minister was responsible to the assembly for his actions" (T. A. Morris, p116). Furthermore, the constitution was designed to give the impression that power was shared equally between the emperor and the chancellor, however Bismarck had the upper hand in all crucial decision-making, as he was adept at convincing Wilhelm of the correctness of his policy. A further example of the extent to which he was a great chancellor is the fact that he was able to deal with the internal opposition. Bismarck was able to gain the support of the National-Liberal party as they were sympathetic to the chancellor because he had brought about national unity, the party's major policy aim, and also because many short-term goals of the two partners coincided - most notably "consolidation of that national unity and the centralisation of the administration of the Reich" (Morris, p118). His association with the ...

Hildegard of Bingen

Hildegard of Bingen date of birth is uncertain; it was concluded that she may have been was born in 1098 at Bermersheim bei Alzey (Bockelheim, Germany) in the diocese of Mainz. She was raised in a family of free noble; her parents were Hildebert and Mechtilide who came from a Germany education. Hildegard was born the tenth child (a tithe) to a noble family. As was customary with the tenth child, whom the family could not count on feeding, she was dedicated at birth to the church to serve the church, to be a medieval prophet, a healer, an artist and a composer. Hildegard explains that from a very young age she had experienced visions. At the age of eight Hildegard was sent to a convent and was raised and educated at Disibodenberg. Some scholars speculate that because of her visions, she was placed in the care of Jutta, the daughter of Count Stephan II of Sponheim. Hildegard says that she first saw â€Å"The Shade of the Living Light† at the age of three and by the age five she began to understand that she was experiencing visions. In Hildegard’s youth, she referred to her visionary gift as her viso. She explained that she saw all things in the light of God through the five senses: sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch. Hildegard was hesitant to share her visions, confiding only to Jutta, who in turn told Volmar Hildegard's tutor and, later, secretary. During the twenty four years when Jutta and Hildegard were in the convent together, there is no written record of what happened during these times. It is possible that Hildegard could have been a chantress and a worker in the herbarium. Hildegard also tells us that Jutta taught her to read and write, but that she was unlearned and therefore incapable of teaching Hildegard Biblical interpretation. Hildegard and Jutta most likely prayed, meditated, read scriptures such as the Psalter, and did some sort of handwork during the hours of the Divine Office. This also might have been a time when Hildegard learned how to play the ten-stringed psaltery. Volmar, a frequent visitor, may have taught Hildegard simple psalm notation. The time she studied music could also have been the beginnings of the compositions she would later create. Illuminations of Hildegard of Bingen – Sante Fe: Bear and Company, 1985) Upon Jutta's death in 1136, Hildegard was unanimously elected as â€Å"magistra† of her sister community by her fellow nuns. Abbot Kuno, the Abbot of Disibodenberg, also asked Hildegard to be Prioress. Hildegard, however, wanted more independence for herself and her nuns and asked Abbot Kuno to allow them to move to Rupertsberg. When the abbot declined Hildegard's proposition, Hildegard went over his head and received the approval of Archbishop Henry I of Mainz. Abbot Kuno did not relent, however, until Hildegard was stricken by an illness that kept her paralyzed and unable to move from her bed, an event that she attributed to God's unhappiness at her not following his orders to move her nuns to Rupertsberg. It was only when the Abbot himself could not move Hildegard that he decided to grant the nuns their own monastery. Hildegard and about twenty nuns thus moved to the St. Rupertsberg monastery in 1150, where Volmar served as provost, as well as Hildegard's confessor and scribe. In 1165 Hildegard founded a second convent for her nuns at Eibingen. (Illuminations of Hildegard of Bingen – Sante Fe: Bear and Company, 1985) Hildegard did not manifest the visions until when she was in her early forties. The church did not allow women to sing; however, women were permitted to compose music for convents. Hildegard of Bingen was one such woman who wrote sacred music for choirs in convents. Not only did Hildegard compose music for church choirs, but she also wrote pieces of music that could be performed outside of the church, otherwise known as secular music. She began to have the symbolic and didactic visions for which she became famous. At first she did not write any of her visions down but then when she fell gravely ill she blamed it on the fact that she was not revealing her visions. After consulting with the Pope and St Bernard of Clairvaux she began to write her visions down, in the Scivas. Archbishop Heinrich convinced Hildegard to share her visions and believed them to be a gift from God. Pope Eugenis III sent a commission to investigate Hildegard’s vision and obtain a copy of her writings. Pope Eugenis III read Hildegard’s visions in front of the synod that all believed them to be true. The Pope sent Hildegard a letter of approval, authorizing her to continue transcribing her visions. The result of this was to ratify Hildegard’s visionary gift. Hildegard was not just restricted to religious life but she was also an abbess, mystic, poet, musician and scientist. (German Mysticism-Albany: State University of New York Press, 1993) She had a very hard and productive life. She become very well known and wrote many songs and books, many of which are still read today. She made a large contribution to society at her time overcoming whatever problems faced her. Hildegard used a large variety of parables, metaphors, symbols, visionary imagery and non-verbal means to make her work reach out to many who are totally deaf to more standard approaches. She felt that everyone deserved the right to learn about her work, especially the visions she was receiving from God, even though they may have physical or mental disadvantages. Throughout her life, she continued to have many visions, and in 1141, at the age of 42, Hildegard received a vision she believed to be an instruction from God, to â€Å"write down that which you see and hear. † Still hesitant to record her visions, Hildegard became physically ill. The illustrations recorded in the book of Scivias were visions that Hildegard experienced, causing her great suffering and tribulations. In her first theological text, â€Å"Know the Ways†. (The letters of Hildegard of Bingen – Oxford University Press, 1994) Hildegard describes her struggle within. But I, though I saw and heard these things, refused to write for a long time through doubt and bad opinion and the diversity of human words, not with stubbornness but in the exercise of humility, until, laid low by the scourge of God, I fell upon a bed of sickness; then, compelled at last by many illnesses, and by the witness of a certain noble maiden of good conduct the nun Richardis von Stade and of that man whom I had secretly sought and found, as mentioned above, I set my hand to the writing. While I was doing it, I sensed, as I mentioned before, the deep profundity of scriptural exposition; and, raising myself from illness by the strength I received, I brought this work to a close though just barely in ten years. (Hildegard von Bingen, Mystical Visions) And I spoke and wrote these things not by the invention of my heart or that of any other person, but as by the secret mysteries of God I heard and received them in the heavenly places. And again I heard a voice from Heaven saying to me, ‘Cry out therefore, and write thus Hildegard's vivid description of the physical sensations which accompanied her visions has led neurologist (and popular author) Oliver Sacks to speculate that they were symptoms of migraine, in particular because of her description of light. Sacks argue that the illuminations that appear in Hildegard's manuscripts confirm that Hildegard suffered from negative scotoma. (Hildegard von Bingen- Mystical Visions) After taking up her role as Superior of the community of nuns, Hildegard became convinced she should no longer remain silent about what she experienced in the Living Light. She heard a voice that addressed her: â€Å"0 frail human formed from the dust of the earth, ashes from ashes, cry out and proclaim the beginning of undefiled salvation! Let those who see the inner meaning of Scripture, yet do not wish to proclaim or preach it, take instruction, for they are lukewarm and sluggish†¦. Therefore pour out a fountain of abundance, over-flow with mysterious learning, so that those who want you to be despicable on account of Eve's transgression may be overwhelmed by the flood of your profusion. † (Hildegard von Bingen-Mystical Visions) Matthew Fox, the founder of creation spirituality, while he examined her writings and explored some of her teachings through a series of meditations. He described her as being a strong, feminine figure, revered by the New Age, who are attracted by her theology, with its emphasis on the harmony of the created world and its relation to God. At about the same time musicologists and historians of science and religion began to study her and the past ten years have seen a proliferation of books and academic studies on her life and work. There are films and videos about her, societies, colloquia and conferences in her name. She is also taken seriously as a musician, and the New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians gives her nearly six pages.

Descriptive Paper About Grand Canyon

The great view of the Grand Canyon At the summit of the canyon, I can feel the clouds that are drifting are really closed to me and I can touch the clouds in the sky if I stretch my arms out. The color of sky is various from bright blue to dark blue depending on each individual’s viewpoint. Looking upward, I can see skies splashed with cotton white clouds and the peaks of the canyon are wrapping in clouds. Even though there are clouds a lot in the sky, the sun drawing water is so beautiful. There is also a small plane for tourists who want to enjoy sightseeing the scenery from the sky.The canyons stretch as far as the eyes can see. The canyons that were very deep and steep have a lot of vertical and horizontal stripes and its color is not same each other. The color of canyon is overall brown but the top part of canyon is red, the middle is yellow, and the bottom part seems to be gray or black color. I think the reason the color of the canyon looks different is the sunlight, be cause the sunlight has all different colors of light in it. As the time goes on, I can see more various colors of the canyons. Even shadow of the light also creates beautiful scenes.The view of plunging cliffs also seduces visitors far away. At the bottom of the Grand Canyon, there is a little bit huge boat floating on the river that winds its way through the valley and it seems to move little bit fast. I am gazing down on the liver leaning over the railing and thinking. I could sit and watch the river all day long for admiring the scenery. The sunlight bounced off the river and dazzled me and the canyon casts its sharply defined reflection on the river. I am thinking that the water of the river is so clear I could almost see the gravel on the bottom.Around the river, beautiful trees line the river road. Some tops of canyon are hidden from sight behind lots of trees. However, trees are more located on the bottom of the canyon than the top of it actually and the trees throw long shad ows across the enormous river. The land except for the river on the bottom is covered with all green color because of numerous trees. I am standing drinking in the peaceful landscape at the top of the Grand Canyon, admiring the view and feel my spirit seems to have been purified.I think about myself and set achievable goals with the landscape seen from the top of here. The weather is pretty good to see a view even though there is a cold wind blowing slowly. The sunshine, beautiful scenery, and the sounds of nature make me feel fresh and give energy boost. I can feel complete peace of mind while seeing manifest view. The scenery here looks like monotonous, but the scenery is beautiful beyond all description. I am so engrossed in admiring the view that I lost track of time.

Bipolar Diseases in the Air essays

Bipolar Diseases in the Air essays Mental disorders are becoming a more recognized illness in todays society. Psychological stress and genetic backgrounds are two of the main factors triggering these disorders. It is estimated that more than 17 million Americans meet the criteria for mental disorders (Depression 1). This means that there are undoubtedly a small percentage of these Americans that, at one time in their life, will apply for an aviation medical certificate. According to FAA regulations a medical examiner is required to deny certification to individuals who show signs of certain mental disorders (Depression 2). Bipolar disorder is one of these disorders in which denial of an aviation medical certificate will be sought. Bipolar disorder is one type of mood disorder, with different characteristics that set it apart from the other disorders. Also called manic-depression, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in a persons mood, energy, and ability to function. It is distinguished by behavior that fluctuates from extreme highs to serious lows interspersed with periods of normal mood. Typically everyone does go through normal ups and downs. However, Symptoms of bipolar disorder are more severe, resulting in damaged relationships, poor job or school performance and even suicide (Jamison 24). Bipolar disorder typically develops in late adolescence or early adulthood and continues throughout life. Symptoms of this disorder are decreased need for sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, distractibility, psychomotor agitation, irritability, diminished interest, loss of pleasure in most activities, feelings of inappropriateness and even suicidal thoughts (Simmons). These symptoms can have a major impact on pilots in both their social life and their ability to perform their job. It has been found that bipolar disorder is not a result of just one particular cause but rather a combinati...

Expert Guide to the ACT Format What You Need to Know

Expert Guide to the ACT Format What You Need to Know SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you want to do well on the ACT, it’s not enough to just study test content. You have to know the test inside and out, including what questions to expect, what reading passages to anticipate, and what topic areas you’ll encounter the most. Being this familiar with the test will help you improve your score in a significant way - it’s much more effective than just focusing on test content. In this post, I’ll go over everything you need to know about how the ACT is written, including format, content, and question types. At the end, I’ll tell you exactly what you can do to successfully incorporate this knowledge into your ACT study plan. Why Is Familiarity With the ACT Format Helpful? The ACT is an incredibly predictable test. Although there have been a few recent changes, the test format has (in general) stayed pretty consistent over the past few decades. This works to your advantage for a few very important reasons: Familiarity with the test helps you focus on, and improve on, your weaknesses. The ACT is super predictable when it comes to test content and format, down to the number of questions that test a certain concept. If you’re familiar with the test format and structure as you study, you can narrow your focus to very specific question types and content areas that may be bringing down your score. It helps you improve your ACT strategy, which is just as important as preparing for test content. The ACT writes the test sections, questions, and answer choices in a very particular and consistent style. Familiarizing yourself with the basic structure and format of the ACT is like getting to know the test inside-out - if you can get inside the mind of a test writer, you’ll have a huge advantage on the test. The more experience you have with this style, the better you’ll be able to anticipate which answers are correct and incorrect on test day It helps you work on time management, an important part of succeeding on any standardized test. Knowing the general layout of the test, in addition to knowing what your own strengths and weaknesses are, is an integral part of ACT time management. If you can’t finish the questions on time, you won’t do well, no matter how well you know the material. Finally, the fewer surprises you encounter on test day, the better. When you know exactly what to expect when you take the ACT, you can focus on the most important part of the test: demonstrating what you know in order to get a great score. Knowing the test format and structure inside and out may help alleviate test-taking anxiety, a verycommon problem that impacts many students’ scores. The Basics: The Structure of the ACT The ACT has four mandatory multiple-choice sections which are always presented in the same order: (1) English, (2) Math, (3) Reading, and (4) Science. There’s also an optional (5) Writing section for a total of five test sections. The total test time without the Writing section is 2 hours and 55 minutes. The total test time with the Writing section is 3 hours and 35 minutes. Here’s what you can expect in terms of number of questions, time limit, time per question, and question type for each of the ACT sections: English Number of questions 75 Time limit 45 minutes Approximate time per question 36 seconds Question type Multiple choice with four answer choices Math Number of questions 60 Time limit 60 minutes Approximate time per question 1 minute Question type Multiple choice with five answer choices Reading Number of questions 40 Time limit 35 minutes Approximate time per question 52 seconds Question type Multiple choice with four answer choices Science Number of questions 40 Time limit 35 minutes Approximate time per question 52 seconds Question type Multiple choice with four answer choices Writing Number of questions 1 Time limit 40 minutes Approximate time per question 40 minutes Question type Essay prompt Content and Skills: What Does the ACT Test? The next step in familiarizing yourself with the ACT is knowing exactly what concepts, skills, and content will be tested on the exam. If you know what content will appear, and you know exactly how it will be tested, all of your bases will be covered (remember, the fewer the surprises on test day, the more you can focus on what’s important). The ACT is pretty transparent about test content. Here, I’ll go over what you’ll need to prepare for each section and what these sections will actually look like. English On this section you’ll be presented with passages. You’ll either have to choose the correct version of a sentence within the passage or will have to answer more broad questions about the construction of the passage itself (you’ll see a couple examples shortly). The ACT English section tends to heavily favor a few main grammar and style rules, and just lightly touches on the other minor ones. This means (unless you’re aiming for a very high score), you can focus primarily on these main rules as you prepare for the test. There are two main types of English questions: ones that test usage and/or mechanics, and ones that test rhetorical skills. Below you’ll find approximate breakdowns for the number of each question type you’ll see on the test. When it comes to Usage and Mechanics (about 40 out of a total of 75 questions), the main grammar rules tested on the ACT are: Correctly forming and joining sentences (20.5% of grammar questions) Correct use of commas, dashes, and colons (17.7% of grammar questions) Correctly using nonessential clauses and relative pronouns (9.6% of grammar questions) Correct verb tense and form (9.6% of grammar questions) When it comes to Rhetorical Skills (about 30 out of a total of 75 questions), the main rhetorical rules tested on the ACT are: Logical transitions (18% of rhetorical questions) Adding information (16.7% of rhetorical questions) Conciseness (15.5% of rhetorical questions) Replacing and re-wording information (15.5% of rhetorical questions) Most of the questions on ACT English test this content by asking you to choose the most correct version of a sentence within a passage - you’ll have to choose among four answer choices in this section. For example: A question where you choose the correct version of a sentence. Some questions are formatted a bit differently, and instead ask you about a passage as a whole. For example: For more information on this section, check out our ultimate ACT English prep guide. Math The math section is a little different from other ACT sections. Some math questions are stand-alone - they won’t be linked to any other questions in the section - whereas others are linked â€Å"sets.† You’ll have to choose from five multiple-choice responses instead of four (which obviously makes things more difficult). Math questions are also roughly arranged in order of difficulty. You can generally split the section into three zones: Questions 1-20: Easy Questions 21-40: Medium Questions 41-60: Hard Difficulty is determined by the amount of time you’ll need to solve a problem, the number of steps required, the number of math concepts you must employ, and the likelihood that you’ll be familiar with the material. Learn about how to take advantage of this organization of question by difficulty. Because they’re arranged by difficulty, these questions are also roughly arranged by content, with â€Å"easier† math concepts (i.e. ones you’ve spent more years studying) at the beginning of the section and â€Å"hard† concepts (i.e. ones you’re less familiar with) at the end. Generally, you’ll see more algebra questions toward the beginning and more geometry and trig toward the end of any ACT math section. Here’s a breakdown of the topics you’ll see on ACT math for a general overview: Pre-algebra: about 20-25% of questions Elementary algebra: about 15-20% of questions Intermediate algebra: about 15-20% of questions Coordinate geometry: about 15-20% of questions Plane geometry: about 20-25% of questions Trigonometry: about 5-10% of questions Read our more detailed guide to ACT math content for more information. Now, on to some examples. Most questions on this section are stand-alone questions, meaning they’re in no way related to any other question on the section. A stand-alone question may look like this: You might see some sets of math questions on the ACT where two or more questions are related to each other, or refer to the same figure. Here’s an example of what a prompt like that would look like: For more information on this section, check out our ultimate ACT math prep guide. Reading The ACT Reading test is made up of four different subsections. Each of these subsections has either one long passage or two shorter, paired passages. In this section, every question will ask you to respond to or interpret the passages. The Reading section will present you with one reading passage for each subsection, and the types of passages you’ll see will always be in the same order: Prose Fiction/Literary Narrative Social Science Humanities Natural Science The ACT tests this content with a variety of question types. Fortunately, we have a general idea of how often each question type shows up on the average Reading section - with this information, you can think more critically about question types that you may need to spend more time preparing. Here’s a typical section breakdown by question type: Question Type Average Number of Questions Percentage of Questions Big Picture 4 10% Little Detail 18 45% Vocabulary in Context 3 8% Development and Function 9 22% Inference 6 15% All Questions 40 100% The info above isn’t helpful if you can’t identify the sorts of questions you’ll see on the Reading section, right? Here are the main question types you’ll see on the English section, followed by examples: Big Picture - Deal with the main point of the passage or the narrator’s overall point of view. These types of questions require you to look at the passage holistically rather than focusing on one specific section. Little Picture/Detail - Ask about a small piece of factual information in a passage. They are the most straightforward questions because they’re so literal - you just have to find the correct information. Vocabulary in Context - Ask about the meaning of a word in the context of the passage. They may also reference something in the passage and ask you to choose a vocabulary word that best describes it. Development and Function - Ask about how a certain paragraph, sentence, or phrase functions in the context of the passage, how the argument in the passage was developed, or how the author structured the passage. Inference - Ask you to make inferences based on a logical extension of information found in a passage. Check out our guide to ACT Reading questions for more detailed information and examples. Science The ACT Science section consists of several â€Å"passages† where you’ll have to respond to short paragraphs, charts, graphs, tables, or some combination thereof - they’re not like the passages in the Reading section where you just respond to a wall of text. All of these passages are just different ways of presenting data for you to interpret. Because of the way the section is formatted, you’ll see sets of questions, like you sometimes see on Math, rather than stand-alone questions. The passages themselves may be on a variety of topics, including: Biology Chemistry Earth/space sciences Physics Just like with the Reading section, it’s not necessary for you to have specific background knowledge in these topic areas - you just need the skills to interpret the passages correctly. There are three main passage formats. Each format will present data in a different way - a set of multiple-choice questions after each passage will ask you to interpret and/or analyze this information. Here’s what to expect for each format: Format #1: Data Representation This format presents one or more sets of data in some sort of graphical representation. What you’re asked to do: understand, evaluate, and interpret information presented in graphs, tables, or charts Number of questions: About 15 (38% of total ACT Science questions) Here’s what a â€Å"passage† may look like in a Data Representation format: And here’s what a multiple-choice question may look like in response to the Data Representation format: Passage Format #2: Research Summaries This format presents the results of two or more experiments, usually with text in addition to graphs or charts. What you’re asked to do: understand, evaluate, and analyze one or more experiments Number of questions: About 18 (45% of total ACT Science questions) Here’s what a â€Å"passage† may look like in a Research Summaries format: Here’s what a multiple-choice question may look like in response to the Research Summaries format: Passage Format #3: Conflicting Viewpoints This format presents several different conflicting scientific hypotheses, usually in a text passage. What you’re asked to do: understand and evaluate conflicting viewpoints, theories, or hypotheses on a specific topic Number of questions: About 7 (17% of total ACT Science questions) Here’s what a â€Å"passage† may look like in a Conflicting Viewpoints format: Here’s what a multiple-choice question may look like in response to the Conflicting Viewpoints format: For more information and example questions on the ACT Science section, check out our ultimate prep guide. Writing The ACT Writing section is completely optional - that being said, I’d encourage you to do some research before deciding not to take it (as tempting as that may be)! Students have 40 minutes to plan, write, and edit an essay in response to one writing prompt. Prompts tend to address contemporary issues (e.g. the pros and cons of living in an increasingly automated society). So what exactly do these prompts look like? Well, students are provided with three diverse perspectives on a particular issue. After reading these perspectives, students are asked to develop their own take on the topic and explain the relationships between the original perspectives. Put simply, your jobs are to: Take a position on a topic (and defend it) Address all the diverse perspectives presented to you Explain the relationships between those three perspectives Here’s an example of what an ACT writing prompt looks like: Check out our complete guide to ACT writing and scoring for more information. Using ACT Formatting: How to Prep for the ACT Earlier in this post, I mentioned that familiarizing yourself with the ACT format can help you in a few important areas: Identifying your weaknesses Coming up with a strategic game plan Improving time management Alleviating stress that comes with surprises on test day Here, I’ll address exactly what you can do (in all four of these areas) to use knowledge of ACT format and structure to your advantage. Identify Your Weaknesses When you know exactly what will be tested on the ACT, and exactly how it will be tested, you can use your practice materials to hone in on sections, content areas, question types, and passage types that give you more trouble than others. This strategy only works if you invest a significant amount of time in working through and then analyzing ACT practice materials. Official ACT practice tests are the best for this - ideally, you’ll down under realistic testing conditions with an official practice test to get a baseline score. As you work through your practice material, keep careful track of where you’re losing points - doing a post-mortem on your work is the most important thing you can do to improve your score. I’d encourage you to set up a spreadsheet for easy mistake tracking. For each ACT practice section, for example, you’ll want to ask yourself: Which questions am I getting wrong? Which types of questions am I getting wrong? Do I lose more points on a particular type of passage? (E.g. perhaps Research Summary passages in ACT Science give you a hard time) Do I lose points at the end of a section because I run out of time? Do I lose points in a particular content/knowledge set area? (E.g. maybe you have trouble with absolute value in ACT math) Come Up With a Strategic Game Plan Once you have a better idea of where you need to improve, you can come up with an ACT study plan that’s catered to your weaknesses. If you have a baseline score, you’ll have a sense of how many points you’d like to bring your score up. Here’s a general guideline for how long you need to study based on your improvement goals: 0-1 ACT Composite Point Improvement: 10 hours 1-2 ACT Point Improvement: 20 hours 2-4 ACT Point Improvement: 40 hours 4-6 ACT Point Improvement: 80 hours 6-9 ACT Point Improvement: 150 hours+ Read more about putting together a study plan that works for you. Improve Time Management If you know what to expect on the ACT, you’ll be better able to work through the test on the fly. If you know what slows you down (e.g. a particular question type or content area) you can plan on doing speed drills during practice or skipping (and then returning) to those questions on the test. For example, reading passages - like the ones you’ll find in ACT Science and ACT Reading - tend to slow down a lot of students. If you know that this is a personal sore spot, you should read our guides to time management on ACT Science and ACT Reading. If you have an idea of what to expect, you’ll be that much better at navigating the stressful time limits of the test. Alleviate Stress Coming up against unexpected obstacles - especially when you’re in a time crunch - is pretty stressful for most people. By engaging in regular practice with official ACT prep materials, you’re doing yourself a huge favor by taking the stress of unexpected content and formatting out of the equation. For more info on alleviating stress, read our guide on what to expect and how to prepare for the ACT test day. What’s Next? Now that you have all this great information about the ACT and how it’s structured, you might be interested in learning more about some other logistical issues - like how it’s scored. Read first about the scoring system with our complete guide to ACT scores. Then, figure out what target score you should be aiming for. For expert tips, read our famous guide on how to get a perfect score on the ACT. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep classes. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our classes are entirely online, and they're taught by ACT experts. If you liked this article, you'll love our classes. Along with expert-led classes, you'll get personalized homework with thousands of practice problems organized by individual skills so you learn most effectively. We'll also give you a step-by-step, custom program to follow so you'll never be confused about what to study next. Try it risk-free today:

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School

Which Foreign Language Should You Take in High School SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Part of being a high school student is making a lot of decisions about which classes to take. While your foreign language courses may not be as critical to colleges as, say, which math classes you took,they are still something colleges look at and use to determine if you'd be a good fit for their school. Also, if you play your cards right, the language you choose to study in high school could have a big impact on your future. I chose to study French and with my language skills I have been able to participate in an exchange with French high school students, get a job improving African schools, and spend a year in France teaching English. I'll go over what colleges look for in foreign language study as well as the steps you need to follow in order to choose the best language for you. Do Colleges Care Which Foreign Language You Take? Nope!College admissions officers do not view certain languages as harder or more impressive than othersbecause all foreign languages require time and dedication to learn and all provide benefits.This is great news because it means you can choose which language to study based on your interests! The only exception to this would be if you chose to study a language you already learned while growing up. Some colleges ask for your native language(s) in their applications and seeing you take classes for a language you already know won't impress them. So What Do Colleges Look for in Your Foreign Language Courses? Colleges look fordepthof foreign language study, not breadth, so they want to see that you'vestudied one language for several years. Studying one language for three or four years is much more difficult than taking introductory classes inseveral different languages, and it also shows that you have the ability to build off previous knowledge and stick with a subject. Many colleges require applicants to have completedtwo or three years of foreign language study, and most top schools highly recommend or require four years. The average high school student completes two years of foreign language study, but even if that is all that is required by the colleges you are interested in,studying a foreign language longer is always betterand will make your application stronger. Most students in the US begin their foreign language study at least by middle school, so if you took Mandarin in 8th grade and want to switch to Spanish next year, high schools usually allow that, and it won't negatively impact your college applications as long as you stick with the new language throughout high school. The best things you can do to make your foreign language study a strength on your college applications are tostick to one language, take a course in that language each year, and get good grades in those courses. Choose one foreign language and stick with it throughout high school. Image via Valencia College. How to Choose the Best Foreign Language toStudy Choosing a subject to study for four years while getting good grades requires a lot of time and dedication. Studying a foreign language is different from other subjects because people get frustrated and want to stop not because the material is too difficult (after all toddlers in other countries are learning it), but because learning another language can often feel boring, tedious, and never-ending. There will come a time (probably many, many times) while studying a foreign language when you become frustrated and want to quit. Simply knowing yet another verb tense or vocabulary word will not always be enough to keep you motivated.You'll need a bigger reason to keep wanting to learn. Here are two ways to stay motivated: 1. Choose a Language That Relates to Your Career Goals When I was in high school, I made the decision to study French because I wanted to do international development work in Africa. Since France used to rule several African countries, millions of Africans speak French, and I knew that if I could speak French too, that might help me get a job. For some career fields,knowing a certain language can make you more employable or better at your job, and reminding yourself that your language skills could help with your future job search can provide an incentive to keep learning a foreign language. Ask Yourself: What Type of Career Do I Want? This doesn't have to be a specific job; a broad career field is fine. Are you interested in business? Do you think you might want to study medicine? Below are five of the most popular foreign languages high school students study and some of the fields those languages are most used in. See if any of them match the type of job you'd like to have. Having a future career in mind can help you choose which language to study Spanish By far the most common foreign language to study in the US 405 million native speakers, mostly in Spain, North America, and South America 2nd most common language spoken in the US Because Spanish is spoken so widely in the United States, it is useful for many professions. It's particularly valuable for students planning to work in medicine or social work (so they can assist people who cannot speak English but may need immediate help), people interested in doing service work in Central or South America, and those considering customer service jobs. High school Spanish is a solid choice that many students take - you generally can't go wrong with this. French 74 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe and Western and Central Africa Official language of the United Nations, the International Olympic Committee, and NATO Because many international organizations use French, it is most valuable for students planning careers in diplomacy or international relations, as well as those who would like to work in or with Africa. Also, because Africa's economy has the potential to boom in the near future, French can be useful for business students looking to capitalize on the continent's growth. Mandarin Chinese Rapidly growing in popularity as a foreign language to study 955 million native speakers, mostly in China Spoken by 1/5 of the world's population With China continuing its huge economic growth, many US businesses have operations in the countryand are working with Chinese corporations, making Mandarin useful for students planning to study business. Unlike the other languages in this list, Chinese is not written with the Roman alphabet, so it's an interesting challenge to learn as an English speaker. German 89 million native speakers, mostly in Western Europe 2nd most common language in science and technology fields 3rd most common language to publish books in Germany has one of the world's largest economies, and the country is also a leader in scientific and technological innovations. Learning German would be most valuable for those planning to study banking, science, engineering, and publishing. If you're interested in science, German may be a good language to consider studying Latin "Dead language", no cultures use it as a native language anymore The Romance languages (including French, Spanish, Italian, Portuguese, and Romanian) descended from Latin and currently include 800 million native speakers While there are no longer any native speakers of Latin, this language is still useful for those interested in careers in linguistics or students planning to learn multiple languages. Many words in the Romance languages come from Latin roots, and once you have mastered Latin, learning the Romance languages becomes a much quicker process. Remember, these are just suggestions. It's perfectly ok to take Mandarin even if you want to be a doctor or Latin if you plan on a career in business.It's sticking with the language and getting closer to fluency that's most important. So what's the best way to make sure you keep studying the language? 2.Choose a Language That Is Interesting to You Remember when I mentioned being frustrated and bored while studying a foreign language? Having a genuine interest in the language will give you motivation to keep studying it, maybe even years after you graduate high school. How do you know which language you'll find most interesting? Ask yourself the following questions: Do Any of My Hobbies Relate to a Foreign Language? This is an important consideration. Connecting a hobby to your foreign language study can make you enjoy that hobby more and motivate you to continue learning the language. Make a list of your hobbies and see if any of them tie-in to a specific language. There are a lot of possibilities, so think creatively. Are you into fashion? Italy and France are widely seen as the world's fashion capitals. Do you enjoy reading? Perhaps you could learn a language that will allow you to read classic works of literature in their original language. Do you have a favorite type of food? Cooking traditional recipes from a country can make learning its language more interesting. Or maybe you're really into anime or Asian dramas? If your school teaches a language like Japanese or Korean, you could one day enjoy those shows without subtitles. Where Do I Want to Travel? Do you dream of eating croissants in Paris or walking along Venice's canals? Thinking about a dream vacation to a country where the language you are learning is spoken can give you an extra boost of motivation. Grab a globe or a map of the world, pick out your top travel destinations, and see if your school teaches any of the languages spoken in those places. Your travel goals can help you decide which language to study Which Languages Sound the Best to Me? This may seem like a minor consideration, but most languages sound very different from one another, and since you'll be hearing it a lot as you practice, you want to make sure you choose a language you enjoy listening to. Search for videos on YouTube or listen to foreign radio or tv stations to hear different languages and get an idea of which ones you enjoy listening to. Do I Know Anyone Who Speaks These Languages? Perhaps you have grandparents who speak Japanese or a neighbor who speaks Spanish. Communicating with friends and family members in their native tongue can help strengthen your relationship with them along with giving you lots of speaking practice. How Similar Do I Want This Language to Be to English? Some languages, such as Mandarin and Arabic, can be more difficult and time-consuming to learn in the beginning because the way they look and sound is so different from English. Ask yourself if you'd prefer to try something completely new or if you would feel more comfortable sticking to a language closer to English such as Spanish, French, or German. You can do an internet search for "beginner lessons in [your language of interest]" to find free introductory lessons for any language and get a feel for what learning it would be like. Do I Want a Lot of Opportunities to Speak This Language? Is being able to easily practice your speaking skills outside the classroom important to you? If you’d like to have a lot of other speakers nearby, choose a more popular language like Spanish where many libraries, hospitals, etc. appreciate bilingual volunteers. If not, you can be open to less commonly used languages, such as Latin. The bottom line is that the way to stay interested in a language so that you study it for multiple years and get high grades like colleges want to see is to remember the big picture. Learning a new language is more than conjugating verbs and memorizing the gender of nouns. Knowing another language can introduce you to people and parts of the world you wouldn’t have experienced otherwise. Keep that in mind when deciding on a language and choose one whichwill hold your interest outside the classroom and encourage you to push your boundaries. What's Next? Thinking about whichother classes to take in high school? Take a look at our guides to choosing which math and science classes to take and start planning your schedule. Trying to decide whether to take the ACT or the SAT? Read our guide to figure out which test you'll score higher on! Are you considering summer academic programs for middle school and high school students? Learn about the SIG, CTY, and Stanford EPGY programs to see if one of them might be right for you. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS STUDY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

EMPLOYEE RELATIONS STUDY - Essay Example For instance, this exploration prioritizes the individual, as opposed to collective relationship, which varies among companies based on values of management (Cradden, 2005, 44). Nonetheless, it is necessary to understand that relationships occur in a range of circumstances, different degrees and impinge upon relationship. For example, a legal context that involves a level of individual in legally enforceable contracts that prevail between employees and employers. Unitarism This is a perspective through which companies are considered to be an individual or groups sharing a common interest, objective and values, which are pleasant and integrated. On the other hand, the management has right to manage employees, legitimately and rationally, thereby representing organizations and interests of capital. In this case, this perception is considered to be a single focus of employees’ loyalty; in fact, this becomes a basis of establishing legitimate authority with the organization (Bacon and Storey, 2000, 407). Moreover, unitarism is a perspective, which is related to management’s supports and interests. Besides, it is a perspective, which has been attributed to ‘team’ approach. ... Apparently, unitarist perspective focuses on the role management in establishing a situation where employees and organization are gaining, thereby considering alignment of their interests. In this case, this perspective is a compulsion for managers to surpass their managerial styles in the process of managing their employees' relations, thereby emphasising on leadership capabilities (Cradden, 2005, 44). Moreover, this perspective encourages managers to be convincing and influential leaders in the organization, thereby eliminating the need for a trade union. Unitarist perspective leads to an assumption that considers stakeholders to be rational members with aims of identifying common interests. Actually, this is a perception, which offers a steady rationale, which stresses common objectives to facilitate achievement of a stable employee relations system. Furthermore, unitarist perspective is in essence individualists in its approach towards employees’ relation; in fact, this wo rks best for individualist in IR systems. There has been a shift of numerous IR systems from trade unions to individualist paradigms; thus, unitarist perspective has proofed to be significant in relation to this form of IR perspectives. Weaknesses of unitarist perspective Unitarist perspective has a limitation caused failure to realize that there are powers associated with inequalities between employees and employers. Moreover, the inequality between employees and employers leads to generation of diverse forms of conflicts in the organization (Kessler and Purcell 2003, 315). On the other hand, there are expectations that managers should exert significant power over

Critical thinking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Critical thinking - Assignment Example to use simple dictions that can be understood even by the common reader who is not so much specialized and familiar with medical issues and, most importantly, his desire and strong determination to obliquely make would-be-doctors of the great perils that surround the career for which they have plumped. Unlike other journals that look badly organized in so far as the form is concerned, Tien’s journal seems well organized and well developed given the effective and efficient writing techniques he deployed in his addressing of the issue. There is an introduction, a body and even a conclusion, all of which make his journal purposeful and worth-reading. What is more is that the presentation he attended paved the way for him to better approach the field of medicine he is engaged in and helped him a lot discover some striking and dangerous facts of which other would-be-doctors were heedless. Last but not least, I think that Tien’s journal seems coherent in that it abides by the linguistic rules. Besides, his critique is by no means very constructive. Initially, He started from something general and was capable of narrowing down the topic to reach the aim after which he was hankering. Thus, after the presentation, he did develop many good ideas that utterly changed his view of the work and these ideas shall unmistakably lead him to be so successful in his

The Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infections Essay

The Diagnosis Of Urinary Tract Infections - Essay Example Current references from medical and other peer reviewed sources were used to collect information for the discussion and evaluation. A discussion of urine analysis procedures, methods and evaluations is included. Examples are given and evidence to support conclusions about the evaluations and reasoning for choices of method are provided. These are provided to assist in making the choice of the best method to diagnose urinary tract infections under several different arenas and sets of circumstances. Urinary Track Infections (UTIs) have been estimated as one of the most common bacteria infections. Except in neonates, UTI occur more frequently in females than in males. It is estimated that 20% of women will suffer a UTI during their lifetime. Furthermore, in both sexes, UTI reportedly accounts for approximately 7 million visits to outpatient clinics, 1milion visits to emergency departments and 100,000 hospitalisations annually. UTI also account for more than 23% of all hospital acquired infections and is the second most common cause of bacteremia in hospitalised patients (Graham and Galloway, 2001; Wilson and Loretta, 2004). In all ages, the most common cause of infection as been shown to be enteric bacteria, especially Escherichia coli. This organism is known to multiply and colonise the perineum, and then ascend the urethra to infect the bladder (the most common site of infection), the kidney and adjacent structures (Graham and Galloway, 2001). While some UTIs are symptomatic, i.e. presenting with typical signs and symptoms like dysuria, fever, suprapubic heaviness and pain; others are asymptomatic (Wilson and Loretta, 2004; Manoni et al, 2002). *UTI aew directly related to Escherichia coli (E. coli) , inj many instances. This is because the anus, a constant source of bacteria, is so close to the female urethra. More than 90 percent of cystitis cases are caused by Escherichia coli (E. coli) , a species of bacteria commonly found in the rectal area. Urinalysis, ChemStrip (BMC) and Multistix (Bayer) are two types of UTI tests used in labs. Otheres include UA-1000 and UA-2000 . Another test thatr was popular was the Yellow IRIS. The chemical principles of the reagent pads on the strips are: 1. pH - this test is based on a double indicator principle that gives a broad range of colors covering the urinary pH range from 5 to 9. Colors range from orange through yellow and green to blue. 2. Protein - This test is based on the protein-error-of-indicators principle. At a constant buffered pH, the development of any green color is due to the presence of protein. Colors range from yellow for "Negative" through yellow-green and green to greenblue for "Positive" reactions. 3. Glucose - This test is based on a double sequential enzyme reaction. The reaction utilizes the enzyme glucose oxidase to catalyze the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide from the oxidation of glucose. In turn, a second enzyme, peroxidase, catalyzes the reaction of hydrogen peroxide with a potassium iodide chromogen to oxidize the chromogen to colors ranging from green to brown. 4. Ketone - This test is based on the development of colors ranging from buff-pink, for a negative reading, to purple when acetoacetic acid reacts with nitroprusside. 5. Bilirubin - This test is

Responding to the Learner in a Differentiated Lesson Assignment

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Explain why it is important for marketers to understand the concepts of market segmentation and target marketing - Essay Example Market segmentation has over time been regarded as one of the fundamental concepts in modern marketing. The segments formed are thus constituted by consumer groups who have similar requirements, as well as groups of services and goods that exhibit similar attributes. Ideally, market segmentation concept has been largely associated with Wendell R. Smith, in the paper he first he first published in the year 1956 (Kim, Park, Lee & Lee, 2006). According to him, "Segmentation is based upon developments on the demand side of the market and represents a rational and more precise adjustment of product and marketing effort to consumer or user requirements† (Flint, Woodruff, and Gardial, 2002). In this respect, therefore, segmentation is viewed as being disaggregative in regard to its trends and effects in bringing about recognition of various demand schedules where only one was initially recognized. The concept of market segmentation is dependent on the recognition of differentiated product demands, whereas its application as a tool for marketing is dependent on the effectiveness in identifying the most befitting variables which can be used to divide total demand into segments that are economically viable (Freytag and Clarke, 2001). The segments that are economically viable could be seen as having the sufficient size that enables the marketers to attain sufficient level of profit through catering to certain needs of the members therein. According to Yankelovich and Meer (2006), "the idea that all markets can profitably be segmented has now received almost as widespread acceptance as the marketing concept itself". This notion is shared by Kim, Lee and Koh (2004), who note that market segmentation relies on the idea that there is need for the company to divide or segment the market in a manner that enables the achievement of certain sets of buyers. The sets of buyers, or the resu ltant

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Explain why it is important for marketers to understand the concepts Essay

Explain why it is important for marketers to understand the concepts of market segmentation and target marketing - Essay Example Market segmentation has over time been regarded as one of the fundamental concepts in modern marketing. The segments formed are thus constituted by consumer groups who have similar requirements, as well as groups of services and goods that exhibit similar attributes. Ideally, market segmentation concept has been largely associated with Wendell R. Smith, in the paper he first he first published in the year 1956 (Kim, Park, Lee & Lee, 2006). According to him, "Segmentation is based upon developments on the demand side of the market and represents a rational and more precise adjustment of product and marketing effort to consumer or user requirements† (Flint, Woodruff, and Gardial, 2002). In this respect, therefore, segmentation is viewed as being disaggregative in regard to its trends and effects in bringing about recognition of various demand schedules where only one was initially recognized. The concept of market segmentation is dependent on the recognition of differentiated product demands, whereas its application as a tool for marketing is dependent on the effectiveness in identifying the most befitting variables which can be used to divide total demand into segments that are economically viable (Freytag and Clarke, 2001). The segments that are economically viable could be seen as having the sufficient size that enables the marketers to attain sufficient level of profit through catering to certain needs of the members therein. According to Yankelovich and Meer (2006), "the idea that all markets can profitably be segmented has now received almost as widespread acceptance as the marketing concept itself". This notion is shared by Kim, Lee and Koh (2004), who note that market segmentation relies on the idea that there is need for the company to divide or segment the market in a manner that enables the achievement of certain sets of buyers. The sets of buyers, or the resu ltant

Two Families Essay Example for Free

Two Families Essay In the Godfather we have the family as an organized crime syndicate, in Boyz in the Hood, we have African American referring to each other as brothers. I got the title for this paper because that is the biggest similarity in between the two movies, the family connection. The Godfather is a classic film making 3rd in the AFI’s top 100 movies of all time. One of the reasons it is a great and compelling movie is that it focuses on the realities of an alternate world where people have to make dramatic choices every day. It does this without trying to politicize the movie; it shows the struggles of a crime family in a fight for their literal life. Boyz in the Hood is a very political movie and that is its downfall. While it pretends to be interested in the welfare of the family, mostly the son, and African Americans in general, it posits many positions about race that are absolutely ridiculous. In the movie the father blames white society for all of the problems of the black race, including liquor stores and gun shops. I guess I just haven’t heard yet how the government subsidizes these. When talking about drugs he says, we don’t have the resources to bring the drugs here, we don’t have airplanes and ships. Somehow Columbians are now responsible for the African American plight. I’m sure that Columbian’s can’t get sleep at night because they are worried about how to bring African Americans down, that is the only rational explanation for what is happening. Contrast this to The Godfather and you see they never blame white men for their problems. There is a few times that they are called negative names, and the story in the beginning, where the undertaker asks to have his daughter’s attack revenged, he never says that they did what they did because he was Italian. It could have been because of that because the attackers were implied to be white, but it was never mentioned. I think it was interesting that one of the sons was adopted and not Italian. There is an implication in this that although the Mafia is largely an Italian organization, it does not discriminate against some races, although the use of the work â€Å"nigger† by Sonny does show negative attitudes towards those people. He says this when he says that they should sell drugs just to African Americans. The reasoning was because they wouldn’t get in as much political trouble. This seems logical and is a much better explanation than that there is a conspiracy against African Americans. This is not an acceptable situation either, and we need to focus on bringing all of America together rather than tearing America apart. I am reminded of the quote by John Donne from Meditation XVII of Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions. No man is an island, entire of itself; every man is a piece of the continent, a part of the main. If a clod be washed away by the sea, Europe is the less, as well as if promontory were, as well as if a manor of thy friends or of thine own were. Any mans death diminishes me, because I am involved in mankind; and therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls; it tolls for thee. For if the plauge of rasism blinds the eye to injustice, is it not in some way my innocence that cries to the heavens for justice. Is this to be cured by the isolation of a race from those who are percieved to have caused the injustice? No, it is caused by communication in between two two races, because communication casues understanding. The other key ingredient is personal responsibility. The main character in Boyz in the Hood acepted personal responsibility and was able to espace the circle of violence that plauged the comminity. It also seems like the Maifa was more concerned with power and the ability to do business than to be upset by petty arguments. In Italy Michael noticed there was no young males and his bodygaurd said it was because of the vendettas. It seems like we can all learn from this another lesson from â€Å"For Whom the Bell Tolls,† when you participate in voilence you are the person who will suffer the most, because there is always repercusions of your actions. In The Godfather the enemies were the same as they were, they were organized criminals. In Boyz in the Hood it was much the same. I wonder if they think about the similarities in the oposing gangs, and if that has any effect on them. The best thing that either could do would be to join forces with their adversaries and put away petty differences, although this would mean a loss of control by the leaders of the gangs/families. Both were torn apart not by outside forces, but by their own kind. It seems like in The Godfather at least they were honest about that. They realized that their biggest opponent was the organizations like them. They knew that the only thing they would understand was violence. The Godfather didn’t want Michel to have the same life he did, but in the end he was more violent that what the Godfather was. It was a payback for the life he led, and was probbably worse for him than any personal repercusion he felt. There are two families represented here, two of a whole miriad of families that we have in the United States. The families have different colors, different religons or none. The families have different values. Sometimes the colors and values are different in a single family. Most of the time there is no violence, although most families have their black sheep. When we become a single familiy a lot of the problems we face will be gone. This wont happen by blame, but understanding. A movie like Boyz in the Hood should have helped create that understanding, but it fell on its face blaming eveyone and increasing the gulf in between black and white. Works Cited Print Sources Donne, John, Meditation XVII of Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions. 1624 Web Site American Film Institute’s web page. 2006. American Film Institute. April 11, 2007. http://www.afi.com/tvevents/100years/movies.aspx.

Airlines Customer Relationship Management Crm Systems Computer Science Essay

Airlines Customer Relationship Management Crm Systems Computer Science Essay During the early 1920s, several small scale airline companies had come up in different parts of Europe but only two of them made it to the top. They were-The Deutscher Aero Llyod and Junkers Luftverkehr. On January 6, 1926, they merged and founded Deutsche Lufthansa AG. Since then Lufthansa has been continuously transforming itself into a competitive corporation with maximum customer satisfaction and modern organizational structure. Deutsche Lufthansa is divided into 2 main divisions: Lufthansa Airlines Lufthansa Systems Airlines comprise of the different passenger airline services like Swiss airlines, Austrian Airlines, Brussels Airlines, German Wings, JetBlue and SunExpress. Systems comprise of various MIS and Software system divisions like Lufthansa Systems, Lufthansa cargo, Lufthansa Technik and Financial Services. (Refer figure 1.) Lufthansa Systems is the major player in the Software systems and provides consulting and IT services to various companies. Companies from different sectors like transport, logistics and industry rely on the expertise of Lufthansa Systems. Apart from developing individual applications, it also provides airlines with integrated platform solutions that help them to optimize their core processes. Its Platform solutions include: The Integrated Operations Control Center (IOCC) Platform for airline operations The Integrated Commercial Platform (ICP) for network management and revenue control The Sirax AirFinance Platform for revenue management The Operations Platform for flight planning and execution The GroundSolutions Platform for check-in and boarding The AdvancedCargo Platform for all cargo processes Customer Relationship Management systems: Any airlines success basically depends on its capability to manage sales, marketing, and to maximize advantages for both from a better understanding of its customers. To achieve this, airline e-CRM models not only provide a comprehensive solution but also contribute towards improving the relationship of the airlines with its customers. An airline e-CRM model is a system made up of various components, different linkages amongst these components, and the dynamics- that can take advantage of the Internet to generate revenue. This is accomplished by building each of the components-value, revenue sources, rates and pricing, scope, capabilities and sustainability-and crafting linkages amongst these components. Hence it enables an airline to achieve an advantage over its competitors. Various softwares and MIS systems not only reduce the manual labour but also cater to the needs of the customers better. A broad classification of all the CRM services provided by Lufthansa includes: Passenger core systems Value added services Passenger Airline Competence Centre (PACC) MultiHost Sales, MultiHost DCS, e-ticketing interlining GroundSolutions Platform, NetLIne, Revenue Integrity. Strategy Vendor, Selection, Migration and Integration, Process Engineering. GrandSolutions GroundSolutions/ Mobile uses SMS dialogues or a mobile website to guide passengers conveniently throughout the entire check-in process. Passengers can use any PC and choose the seats, of their wish from an aircraft-specific seating plan, online. Further they can also print their boarding pass or can send it to a mobile device like a PDA or cell phone. Special check-ins like group check-in or employee standby flights are also integrated in this system. Charter passengers flying with a voucher instead of a ticket can avail this service as well. The system requires the customer to place his ID card or passport on the Check-in machines scanner. Then the flight number and destination for the flight is to be entered. The touch screen helps in entering the personal details. Once the booking is done, it can be confirmed online on lufthansa.com under my bookings. The payment is done via a credit card. GroundSolutions offers other services such as: Up gradation to a higher class Lounge access Reservation of special seats including window seats or exit route seats. This shows that the airline is in complete control of its various ancillary revenue channels. As soon as some change is made in the administrative department, this information is available to the passengers. This includes offering an upgrade to the next class or even a change in the advertisement on the boarding pass depending on the time, location or even the flight number. This has not only reduced the cost and time many folds but has also provided better customer satisfaction by addressing the needs of various customer groups differently. Furthermore, because of the flexibility in the system, the customers can be informed about any kind of changes easily. Key features: On to and return check-ins both possible Selection of the seats by the passengers on an interactive seating plan The e-boarding pass available on the cell phone Key benefits: Passengers have a better control over various processes This satisfies customer needs and increases compliance Paperless check-in proves to be more convenient and time saving Altea Customer Management System by Amadeus: Altea MIS is owned by Amadeus IT Group, the largest GDS (Global Distribution System) provider in the world with an estimated market share of 37% in 2009. Spread over 195 countries, its customers include airlines, hotels, travel agencies, rail and road transport companies. In 2009, 238 million passengers boarded different airlines using Amadeus Altà ©a. Air France and Lufthansa are its major customers. Altea is a new-generation CRM system which addresses airlines key functions like sales and reservations, arrival and departure control and inventory management. Altea reservations Altea inventory Altea DCS Availability, Booking, Fares and pricing, Customer profiles, e-ticketing Schedules management, Inventory control, Seat map management. Check-in, Boarding pass issuance, Baggage management, Flight boarding. Altea enables the customers to manage their booking and ticketing conveniently.it also helps airlines to manage their schedules, seating capacity and the associated fares. The user-interface is further simplified by the preferential use of XML over HTML or SOAP. This minimizes the implementation time and enables seamless connection with any ERP system. The Amadeus Altà ©a service unifies end-to-end IP network using highly reliable components supplying a fully managed business class of service. This allows Airlines and Ground Handlers to access the Amadeus Altà ©a DCS services from airports. The system enables the airlines to share network connectivity at airports to reduce operating costs and to provide a simpler solution. It guarantees access to Amadeus applications with better services and response times than what other airports can offer today. It provides access to best speeds available and is a very flexible system for the entire community of users. It provides different Class of Service (CoS) functionality for assigning higher priority to business critical traffic (e.g. Check-in) and lower priority to non-critical traffic (e.g. back office). The Amadeus Altà ©a CRM System is designed around the following core concepts: Single data source- this eliminates inconsistency of data. Customer centricity- entire information about the customers journey made available Automation and flexibility- Intuitive graphical user interfaces facilitate efficient service Common platform- offers benefit due to the combined input of all the world-leading airlines. Key features: Fully automated ticket availability and booking Higher customer satisfaction Increased staff productivity Faster and more efficient ticketing Enhanced self service options via web or kiosk Reduced cost and higher reliability NiceView : NiceView is an in-flight infotainment system which has been recently introduced by the airlines to make each passengers journey a memorable one. It enables the passengers to experience all the beautiful and mesmerizing scenes as though seeing them directly from the pilots cockpit. The NiceView is a moving map system which provides high-resolution 3-D maps and hence provides information and entertainment at the same time. It further provides an impressing 3-D view of the aircraft at its current geographical location as well as the flight path. On zooming in, high-resolution maps of 1 meter per pixel can be configured which display the entire flight route. The view of the entire route, flight track line, destination airport and the arrival time can be seen in 2-D or 3-D. Current flight data can be obtained from airborne communication links via ARINC-429 (ACARS) or Ethernet (Sat-Com/Broadband) . Virtual flights are also possible between the starting and the ending destinations by typing in their names. Lufthansa Airlines has implemented this software in majority of its international flights. It has also customized the software by including several other options like playing audio or video clips including movies or pre-recorded TV series, sports or political news, information regarding the estimated time of arrival, airport or boarding information or other safety briefings. It further gives environmental information like the estimated temperature outside, weather conditions, time change etc. The system also facilitates language translations as well as feeding and editing of geopolitical data. Working: At the time of take-off, NiceView automatically displays a welcome note on the touch-screen. Out of the several options including route map, movies, audio clips, weather information, news, flight related information and others, the passengers are free to select any one of their choice. High definition video output (HDTV) is also available apart from the standard definition video signals (NTSC/PAL). To support multi-channel and multi-language content around 4 mono audio channels are provided. With the help of touch screen, the passengers can surf various components of the system and can go back to the main or previous menu whenever desired. Further the alignment of the maps can be changed as per convenience and the entire time and route of the flight can be displayed. Any kind of selection of an item can be done via the touch-screen followed by a similar exit. Key benefits: Virtual camera views in 2D and 3D from around the aircraft A virtual flight route Display of movies and audio clips Various geopolitical, graphical and information overlays News and information 2-D and 3-D locations relative to the aircraft Illustrations of oceanographic data Thus all in all NiceView is truly an infotainment as it serves the purpose of providing sufficient information as well as entertainment during the flight. Appendix: Fig 1- Organizational structure of Lufthansa Group Fig 2- Display of Amadeus Altea Fig 3- Route of the flight illustrated in 2-D

Chinese Immigration Into America Essay -- essays research papers

Chinese Immigration into America Surprisingly, Asian Americans have been in America for over 150 years. They are as diverse as the immigrants from Europe, ranging from China, Japan, Korea, Cambodia, Korea, Philippines, India, Vietnam, and Laos. (Takaki, page 8) When many people think of American Immigrants, Asians are on the last of their lists. In The Uprooted, Harvard historian, Oscar Handlin, prize winning book with the subtitle "the Epic Story of the Great Migrations that Made the American People," completely left out the "uprooted" from the lands across the Pacific Ocean. (Takaki, page 10) This paper will give some information pertaining to the Chinese immigration into America. China is one of the world's oldest civilizations. It influence have reverberated throughout Asia. It's presence is felt in many of the surrounding cultures. The Chinese people have tried to keep their society pure from outside sources. When foreigners entered their homeland and poisoned the population with drugs, the culture could not stop the imminent alteration of their ways. China was weakened severely and was taken advantage of by many countries. Chinese came to America for a myriad of reasons. The main reason was because of the myth of the Gam Saan ("Golden Mountain.") Other reasons were due to overpopulation, poverty, hunger, flooding, high taxes, bad economy, collapsing government, and crop failure. (Takaki, page 38) James Marshall discovery of gold in California in 1848 prompted many Chinese to take a sojourn into America to get rich quick. A young man in Canton wrote to his brother in Boston saying, "good many Americans speak of California, Oh! Very rich country! O hear good many Americans and Europeans go there very much. I think I shall go to California next summer." Stories like these built up this dream of the "Golden Mountain." The plan for most Chinese was to make their fortune, and return home to their family. The dream of getting rich quick has been around for ages. Due to this, a trickle of immigrants turned into a deluge. The whole thing began in 1835. William Hooper, a young man from Boston, visited a sugar mill in Hawaii. He became determined to start the first sugar plantation in Hawaii. Without a large supply of laborers, Hooper hired "Chinamen" to aid in the su... ...are or "china", is revered by many Americans. Even the name of the represents Americas debt. In addition, many Chinese trinkets and artwork are prized possessions among the American society. The immigration of the Chinese into the United States has greatly supplemented the cultural heritage of the nation. (Melendy, page i) "Asians with their capacity for hard work in the face of economic and social adversity and to advance economically, have created cultural microcosms form which their children venture to become Americans." (Melendy, page i) Unlike most European immigrants, Asians tend to disprove the original Melting Pot theory of America. The Asians, "†¦ did not wish to amalgamate with the dominant society and most certainly white Americans of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries made it abundantly clear that they were opposed to Asian immigration and settlement." (Melendy, page i) The United States is a nation of immigrants. "All groups have left their mark upon the country's fabric. Their physical stamina and intellectual abilities have enabled them to make their mark and to add measurably to the American heritage." (Melendy, page 182)